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<p>This paper presents the implementation and experimental evaluation of a wireless closed-loop field-oriented ontrol (FOC) system for three-phase induction motors using a low-cost commercial nRF24L01+ 2.4 GHz RF transceiver pair. The proposed architecture replaces conventional wired transmission of speed reference commands and encoder feedback signals with a wireless link, examining the impact of integrating wireless communication into time-critical motor control loops. A custom time-slotted communication protocol featuring fixed 5 ms update cycles, automatic acknowledgment, bounded retransmission, and checksum-based validation is developed to obtain bounded and repeatable timing behavior and high packet delivery reliability in the tested conditions. The control architecture adopts a distributed intelligence framework in which the complete FOC algorithm executes locally on the motor drive node, while reference generation and supervisory monitoring are performed on a remote user interface node, thereby preserving high-frequency current-loop integrity and isolating wireless latency from inner control dynamics. Mathematical modeling of the integrated control–communication system is carried out, including induction motor dynamics, FOC formulation, wireless channel path-loss and bit-error modeling, packet error probability analysis, and delay-dependent stability assessment using Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory to estimate allowable delay margins for the considered setup. Experimental validation on a 0.5 HP induction motor test bench demonstrates stable closed-loop operation over the full 0–2000 RPM speed range with round-trip communication latency of approximately 1.2 ms and packet delivery rates exceeding 99.9% at distances up to 30 m in the laboratory environment. Comparative analysis against a wired baseline reveals modest performance degradation, with settling time increases of about 7.7% for reference step changes and 6.7% for load disturbance rejection. The system maintains stable operation under induced packet loss rates up to 40% in the reported experiments and shows no sustained loss of control under the applied electromagnetic compatibility tests, consistent with the referenced industrial standards. The results support the technical feasibility, in similar conditions, of employing low-cost commercial RF transceivers for medium-performance wireless motor control applications, providing a cost-effective and flexible alternative to wired systems while enabling enhanced reconfigurability and deployment in emerging Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments.</p>

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Design and experimental validation of a deterministic wireless field-oriented control system for induction motors using low-cost 2.4 GHz transceivers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Djamel Eddine Beladjine,
  • Djamel Boudana,
  • Abdelhafidh Moualdia,
  • Ahmed Hasan Mujammal Mujammal,
  • Muneera Altayeb,
  • Mykhailo Panchyk

摘要

This paper presents the implementation and experimental evaluation of a wireless closed-loop field-oriented ontrol (FOC) system for three-phase induction motors using a low-cost commercial nRF24L01+ 2.4 GHz RF transceiver pair. The proposed architecture replaces conventional wired transmission of speed reference commands and encoder feedback signals with a wireless link, examining the impact of integrating wireless communication into time-critical motor control loops. A custom time-slotted communication protocol featuring fixed 5 ms update cycles, automatic acknowledgment, bounded retransmission, and checksum-based validation is developed to obtain bounded and repeatable timing behavior and high packet delivery reliability in the tested conditions. The control architecture adopts a distributed intelligence framework in which the complete FOC algorithm executes locally on the motor drive node, while reference generation and supervisory monitoring are performed on a remote user interface node, thereby preserving high-frequency current-loop integrity and isolating wireless latency from inner control dynamics. Mathematical modeling of the integrated control–communication system is carried out, including induction motor dynamics, FOC formulation, wireless channel path-loss and bit-error modeling, packet error probability analysis, and delay-dependent stability assessment using Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory to estimate allowable delay margins for the considered setup. Experimental validation on a 0.5 HP induction motor test bench demonstrates stable closed-loop operation over the full 0–2000 RPM speed range with round-trip communication latency of approximately 1.2 ms and packet delivery rates exceeding 99.9% at distances up to 30 m in the laboratory environment. Comparative analysis against a wired baseline reveals modest performance degradation, with settling time increases of about 7.7% for reference step changes and 6.7% for load disturbance rejection. The system maintains stable operation under induced packet loss rates up to 40% in the reported experiments and shows no sustained loss of control under the applied electromagnetic compatibility tests, consistent with the referenced industrial standards. The results support the technical feasibility, in similar conditions, of employing low-cost commercial RF transceivers for medium-performance wireless motor control applications, providing a cost-effective and flexible alternative to wired systems while enabling enhanced reconfigurability and deployment in emerging Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments.