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<p>The radiolar eyes of sabellid fan worms represent a unique evolutionary model for studying photoreception outside the cephalic region. Building upon previous findings of c-opsin-based phototransduction in <i>Acromegalomma</i>, this study investigates the structural and molecular features of radiolar eyes across three species with distinct eye morphologies, <i>Acromegalomma vesiculosum</i> (compound-inside), <i>Bispira guinensis</i> (compound-paired), and <i>Pseudopotamilla occelata</i> (compound-single). Utilising transmission electron microscopy (TEM) alongside comparative transcriptomic analysis, incorporating newly sequenced data for <i>B.</i> guinensis and <i>P</i>. <i>occelata</i> and existing datasets for <i>Acromegalomma interruptum</i>, we explore the potential correlation between photoreceptor ultrastructure and molecular signalling components. Our results confirm that while c-opsin is the primary photopigment across these lineages, the downstream G-protein recruitment is more heterogeneous than previously recognised. In contrast to the predominantly GNAO-mediated pathway identified in <i>Acromegalomma interruptum</i>, our transcriptomic profiling revealed distinct G-protein repertoires in the other two species: <i>B. guinensis</i> expresses GNAO and GNAQ, while <i>P. occelata</i> exhibits a highly diverse complement comprising GNAO, GNAS, GNAI, and GNAQ subunits. These findings demonstrate that the c-opsin signalling cascade in annelids possesses considerable molecular plasticity, which occurs alongside a pronounced structural variation in photoreceptor lamellar bodies. This work extends our understanding of how distributed visual systems evolve structural and molecular diversity through the flexible deployment of conserved toolkits.</p>

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Molecular and structural divergence of c-opsin-based phototransduction in the radiolar eyes of Sabellid fan worms

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Longson Tsz Hin Pang,
  • Kenji Tomita,
  • Hisanori Kohtsuka,
  • Ryo Yonezawa,
  • Takanori Kobayashi,
  • Takashi Gojobori,
  • Shuichi Asakawa

摘要

The radiolar eyes of sabellid fan worms represent a unique evolutionary model for studying photoreception outside the cephalic region. Building upon previous findings of c-opsin-based phototransduction in Acromegalomma, this study investigates the structural and molecular features of radiolar eyes across three species with distinct eye morphologies, Acromegalomma vesiculosum (compound-inside), Bispira guinensis (compound-paired), and Pseudopotamilla occelata (compound-single). Utilising transmission electron microscopy (TEM) alongside comparative transcriptomic analysis, incorporating newly sequenced data for B. guinensis and P. occelata and existing datasets for Acromegalomma interruptum, we explore the potential correlation between photoreceptor ultrastructure and molecular signalling components. Our results confirm that while c-opsin is the primary photopigment across these lineages, the downstream G-protein recruitment is more heterogeneous than previously recognised. In contrast to the predominantly GNAO-mediated pathway identified in Acromegalomma interruptum, our transcriptomic profiling revealed distinct G-protein repertoires in the other two species: B. guinensis expresses GNAO and GNAQ, while P. occelata exhibits a highly diverse complement comprising GNAO, GNAS, GNAI, and GNAQ subunits. These findings demonstrate that the c-opsin signalling cascade in annelids possesses considerable molecular plasticity, which occurs alongside a pronounced structural variation in photoreceptor lamellar bodies. This work extends our understanding of how distributed visual systems evolve structural and molecular diversity through the flexible deployment of conserved toolkits.