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<p>Imbalance of intestinal mucosal immune regulation is a key mechanism in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). We aimed to characterize this dysregulation in the intestinal mucosa at single-cell resolution. Intestinal mucosal cells from control and neonatal maternal separation-induced IBS-D rats were isolated and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Bioinformatics analyses included clustering, differential expression, trajectory inference, and cell–cell communication assessment. We obtained transcriptomes from 4572 high-quality cells, identifying epithelial, stromal, immune, and endothelial lineages. In IBS-D rats, we observed a significant remodeling of the immune compartment, characterized by an increase in monocytes, mast cells, and cycling immune cells, alongside a decrease in T and B lymphocyte subsets. Epithelial cells showed upregulated expression of Krt7 and Foxa3, and downregulated expression of Cst6, Elapor1, and Kcnma1. Cell–cell communication analysis revealed enhanced interactions between epithelial and innate immune cells, involving ligands such as TIGIT. Regulon activity analysis highlighted key transcription factors, including Pax5 in B cells and Mafb in monocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that immune barrier dysregulation in the intestinal mucosa of rats with IBS-D is associated with altered immune cell composition, dysregulated expression of epithelial function-related genes, and disrupted intercellular communication, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of IBS-D. Our high-resolution scRNA-seq atlas delineates the cellular and molecular landscape of intestinal mucosal immune barrier dysfunction in IBS-D, pinpointing novel potential therapeutic targets for this disorder.</p>

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Single-cell RNA-seq profiles of colonic intestinal mucosa in IBS-D rats to explore the mechanism of immune barrier regulation in pathogenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Liyan Ji,
  • Yongquan Huang,
  • Jiahe Zhang,
  • Jiaman Lin,
  • Zefang Yang,
  • Xiling Yang,
  • Fengbin Liu,
  • Qiuke Hou

摘要

Imbalance of intestinal mucosal immune regulation is a key mechanism in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). We aimed to characterize this dysregulation in the intestinal mucosa at single-cell resolution. Intestinal mucosal cells from control and neonatal maternal separation-induced IBS-D rats were isolated and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Bioinformatics analyses included clustering, differential expression, trajectory inference, and cell–cell communication assessment. We obtained transcriptomes from 4572 high-quality cells, identifying epithelial, stromal, immune, and endothelial lineages. In IBS-D rats, we observed a significant remodeling of the immune compartment, characterized by an increase in monocytes, mast cells, and cycling immune cells, alongside a decrease in T and B lymphocyte subsets. Epithelial cells showed upregulated expression of Krt7 and Foxa3, and downregulated expression of Cst6, Elapor1, and Kcnma1. Cell–cell communication analysis revealed enhanced interactions between epithelial and innate immune cells, involving ligands such as TIGIT. Regulon activity analysis highlighted key transcription factors, including Pax5 in B cells and Mafb in monocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that immune barrier dysregulation in the intestinal mucosa of rats with IBS-D is associated with altered immune cell composition, dysregulated expression of epithelial function-related genes, and disrupted intercellular communication, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of IBS-D. Our high-resolution scRNA-seq atlas delineates the cellular and molecular landscape of intestinal mucosal immune barrier dysfunction in IBS-D, pinpointing novel potential therapeutic targets for this disorder.