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<p>In utero heat stress (IUHS) is associated with long-term alterations in offspring performance, physiology, and metabolism, but whether epigenetic mechanisms are a causal effect in pigs remains poorly understood. In this study, we compared genome-wide DNA methylation in the <i>Longissimus dorsi</i> muscle of 105-day-old pigs exposed to either in utero thermoneutral (IUTN) or IUHS conditions during early gestation (d 0 to 59 of gestation) to identify differentially methylated loci and genomic regions, as well as candidate genes potentially involved in the skeletal muscle response to prenatal heat exposure. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was performed in 10 IUHS and 10 IUTN pigs, with reads aligned and processed using the Bismark package, and differential methylation was analyzed using the methylKit R package. Differential methylation analyses enabled the identification of both loci and genomic regions located near or within genes such as <i>ARID1B</i>, <i>DUSP4</i>, <i>SMPD3</i>, and <i>OSBPL8</i>, which are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cellular stress signaling. These findings suggest that prenatal heat stress induces persistent locus-specific epigenetic remodeling that remains detectable in the <i>Longissimus dorsi</i> muscle of offspring at 105&#xa0;days of age. Overall, this study provides new insights on how the prenatal environment may shape the skeletal muscle epigenome and potentially contribute to long-term phenotypic consequences in pigs.</p>

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Epigenomic modifications in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs exposed to in utero heat stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Mariah C. Durval,
  • Jay S. Johnson,
  • Camila U. Braz,
  • Pablo A. S. Fonseca,
  • Jacob Musa,
  • Jacob M. Maskal,
  • Gregory S. Fraley,
  • Luiz F. Brito

摘要

In utero heat stress (IUHS) is associated with long-term alterations in offspring performance, physiology, and metabolism, but whether epigenetic mechanisms are a causal effect in pigs remains poorly understood. In this study, we compared genome-wide DNA methylation in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of 105-day-old pigs exposed to either in utero thermoneutral (IUTN) or IUHS conditions during early gestation (d 0 to 59 of gestation) to identify differentially methylated loci and genomic regions, as well as candidate genes potentially involved in the skeletal muscle response to prenatal heat exposure. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was performed in 10 IUHS and 10 IUTN pigs, with reads aligned and processed using the Bismark package, and differential methylation was analyzed using the methylKit R package. Differential methylation analyses enabled the identification of both loci and genomic regions located near or within genes such as ARID1B, DUSP4, SMPD3, and OSBPL8, which are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cellular stress signaling. These findings suggest that prenatal heat stress induces persistent locus-specific epigenetic remodeling that remains detectable in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of offspring at 105 days of age. Overall, this study provides new insights on how the prenatal environment may shape the skeletal muscle epigenome and potentially contribute to long-term phenotypic consequences in pigs.