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<p>The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential biomarker in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although several studies across diverse populations have identified CRC-associated microbial signatures, evidence from the Saudi Arabian population remains scarce. In this case–control study, we profiled and compared the fecal microbiotas of Saudi patients with CRC (n = 52) with those of two control groups: healthy relatives (n = 38) and an independent healthy cohort (n = 37). Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using Oxford Nanopore Technology. Demographic, diet, clinical, and diagnostic data were collected and analyzed in parallel. Among 127 participants, 76 (59.8%) were female, with an overall median age of 40.5&#xa0;years (IQR: 29.0–60.0) that differed significantly across cohorts (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.005). Patients with CRC showed higher observed richness and lower Shannon diversity than independent healthy individuals (q &lt; 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity showed distinct clustering in patients with CRC compared to their healthy relatives (R<sup>2 </sup>= 1.99%, BH–FDR-adjusted q = 0.027)&#xa0;and the independent healthy cohort (R <sup>2</sup>= 1.71%, BH–FDR-adjusted q = 0.049). Differential abundance analysis identified <i>Fusobacterium animalis</i> as a CRC-specific species, undetectable in healthy cohorts. Species-level co-occurrence network analysis further demonstrated positive associations among <i>F. animalis</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcus stomatis</i>, <i>Dialister pneumosintes</i>, and <i>Parvimonas micra</i>. These anaerobes, typically recognized as oral bacteria, formed a tightly connected consortium unique to patients with CRC but absent in healthy cohorts. These results suggest a CRC-specific microbial signature with potential utility as a non-invasive biomarker for early detection. Future multi-omics studies are warranted to support the development of microbiota-based diagnostics for CRC management.</p>

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High resolution full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals distinct fecal microbial consortium associated with colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Marwh G. Aldriwesh,
  • Musaad Altammami,
  • Abdulrahman A. Alswaji,
  • Roua Almatrafi,
  • Maymunah Hakami,
  • Ayyob Alqarni,
  • Nahar A. Alselaim,
  • Mohammed Alhalafi,
  • Homoud Gh. Alawfi,
  • Mohammed Algarni,
  • Mohammad Bosaeed,
  • Hassan S. Alamri,
  • Tlili Barhoumi,
  • Majed F. Alghoribi

摘要

The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential biomarker in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although several studies across diverse populations have identified CRC-associated microbial signatures, evidence from the Saudi Arabian population remains scarce. In this case–control study, we profiled and compared the fecal microbiotas of Saudi patients with CRC (n = 52) with those of two control groups: healthy relatives (n = 38) and an independent healthy cohort (n = 37). Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using Oxford Nanopore Technology. Demographic, diet, clinical, and diagnostic data were collected and analyzed in parallel. Among 127 participants, 76 (59.8%) were female, with an overall median age of 40.5 years (IQR: 29.0–60.0) that differed significantly across cohorts (P < 0.005). Patients with CRC showed higher observed richness and lower Shannon diversity than independent healthy individuals (q < 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity showed distinct clustering in patients with CRC compared to their healthy relatives (R2 = 1.99%, BH–FDR-adjusted q = 0.027) and the independent healthy cohort (R 2= 1.71%, BH–FDR-adjusted q = 0.049). Differential abundance analysis identified Fusobacterium animalis as a CRC-specific species, undetectable in healthy cohorts. Species-level co-occurrence network analysis further demonstrated positive associations among F. animalis, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Dialister pneumosintes, and Parvimonas micra. These anaerobes, typically recognized as oral bacteria, formed a tightly connected consortium unique to patients with CRC but absent in healthy cohorts. These results suggest a CRC-specific microbial signature with potential utility as a non-invasive biomarker for early detection. Future multi-omics studies are warranted to support the development of microbiota-based diagnostics for CRC management.