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<p>Fixed orthodontic appliances impair oral hygiene and increase the risk of dental caries and white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) tool enables multifactorial caries risk evaluation, its association with the oral microbiome remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between CAMBRA risk classification, clinical indices, and salivary and supragingival plaque microbiomes in 149 pre-orthodontic patients. Participants were classified into Low, Moderate, High, and Extreme risk groups based on CAMBRA. We evaluated the decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) index, number of WSLs, plaque control record, stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR), salivary pH, buffering capacity, culture-based bacterial indices, and 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene sequencing profiles. The DMF index and number of WSLs were higher in the High- and Extreme-risk groups, whereas SSFR and buffering capacity were lower in the Extreme-risk group. Alpha-diversity metrics, beta-diversity analyses, and genus-level relative abundance showed group-specific differences in saliva and dental plaque, with genera including <i>Haemophilus</i>,<i> Rothia</i>,<i> Veillonella</i>,<i> Treponema</i>,<i> Parvimonas</i>, and <i>Leptotrichia</i>. These cross-sectional findings suggest that CAMBRA-based risk stratification is associated with distinct clinical characteristics and oral microbiome profiles before orthodontic treatment and may provide biological support for CAMBRA-based pretreatment assessment in this patient population.</p>

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CAMBRA caries risk stratification is associated with distinct salivary and supragingival plaque microbiomes in pre-orthodontic patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Shintaro Ogashira,
  • Ryo Kunimatsu,
  • Yuma Koizumi,
  • Yuki Yoshimi,
  • Tomohiro Ogasawara,
  • Fumika Abe,
  • Kanako Okazaki,
  • Isamu Kado,
  • Kotaro Tanimoto

摘要

Fixed orthodontic appliances impair oral hygiene and increase the risk of dental caries and white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) tool enables multifactorial caries risk evaluation, its association with the oral microbiome remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between CAMBRA risk classification, clinical indices, and salivary and supragingival plaque microbiomes in 149 pre-orthodontic patients. Participants were classified into Low, Moderate, High, and Extreme risk groups based on CAMBRA. We evaluated the decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) index, number of WSLs, plaque control record, stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR), salivary pH, buffering capacity, culture-based bacterial indices, and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing profiles. The DMF index and number of WSLs were higher in the High- and Extreme-risk groups, whereas SSFR and buffering capacity were lower in the Extreme-risk group. Alpha-diversity metrics, beta-diversity analyses, and genus-level relative abundance showed group-specific differences in saliva and dental plaque, with genera including Haemophilus, Rothia, Veillonella, Treponema, Parvimonas, and Leptotrichia. These cross-sectional findings suggest that CAMBRA-based risk stratification is associated with distinct clinical characteristics and oral microbiome profiles before orthodontic treatment and may provide biological support for CAMBRA-based pretreatment assessment in this patient population.