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<p>Statistical learning enables humans to extract regularities from sensory input, but its efficiency depends on how information is structured within each modality. In a preregistered study, we tested how temporal/spatial organisation and motion cues shape non-adjacent dependency learning of sequences of sign-like manual gestures. We manipulated presentation type (serial vs. simultaneous) and dynamicity (dynamic vs. static). Participants completed an online target-detection task, in which changes in reaction times and accuracies indexed learning, followed by an offline grammaticality-judgment task. Across conditions, participants (<i>N</i> = 123) showed evidence of sensitivity to the underlying structure: reaction times decreased during training, increased when structured input was replaced with random sequences, and offline accuracy exceeded chance. Simultaneous presentation produced larger online improvements during exposure, although offline grammaticality judgements did not differ across conditions. Motion cues did not improve model fit. These findings suggest that visual statistical learning for structured manual gesture input benefits more from simultaneously available spatial information than from sequential presentation, suggesting that optimal input structure depends on modality-specific perceptual constraints.</p>

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The effect of dynamic motion and simultaneous presentation on the statistical learning of nonadjacent dependencies in manual gesture sequences

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Ágnes Lukács,
  • Péter Rácz,
  • Péter Varga,
  • Krisztina Sára Lukics

摘要

Statistical learning enables humans to extract regularities from sensory input, but its efficiency depends on how information is structured within each modality. In a preregistered study, we tested how temporal/spatial organisation and motion cues shape non-adjacent dependency learning of sequences of sign-like manual gestures. We manipulated presentation type (serial vs. simultaneous) and dynamicity (dynamic vs. static). Participants completed an online target-detection task, in which changes in reaction times and accuracies indexed learning, followed by an offline grammaticality-judgment task. Across conditions, participants (N = 123) showed evidence of sensitivity to the underlying structure: reaction times decreased during training, increased when structured input was replaced with random sequences, and offline accuracy exceeded chance. Simultaneous presentation produced larger online improvements during exposure, although offline grammaticality judgements did not differ across conditions. Motion cues did not improve model fit. These findings suggest that visual statistical learning for structured manual gesture input benefits more from simultaneously available spatial information than from sequential presentation, suggesting that optimal input structure depends on modality-specific perceptual constraints.