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<p>Antimicrobial resistance, particularly multidrug resistance is a growing global health challenge affecting human, animal, and environmental health systems. In climate-vulnerable livestock production settings, the interaction between environmental stressors and AMR presents a significant threat to health security. This study examined the relationship between climate resilience and multidrug resistance among livestock farmers in Kongwa and Mpwapwa districts, Dodoma, Tanzania, with particular focus on the mediating and moderating role of One Health Systems Responsiveness. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed involving 191 livestock farmers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring climate resilience, OHSR, and multidrug resistance. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to validate measurement constructs. Structural Equation Modeling, including mediation and moderated mediation analyses, was applied to test hypothesized relationships. Measurement validation indicated strong construct validity, with factor loadings ranging from 0.81 to 0.91. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value of 0.912 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ² = 894.560, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) confirmed sampling adequacy. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated excellent model fit (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>55.309</i>,<i> df = 51</i>, <i>p</i> = 0.315; CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.998; <i>RMSEA = 0.021</i>). Climate resilience significantly predicted multidrug resistance (<i>β = 1.048</i>, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and significantly influenced OHSR (<i>β = 0.832</i>, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). OHSR also significantly predicted multidrug resistance (<i>β = 0.768</i>, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The direct effect of climate resilience on multidrug resistance was reduced but remained significant when OHSR was included <i>(β = 0.412</i>, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), indicating partial mediation. The interaction effect between climate resilience and OHSR was significant (β = 0.056, <i>p</i> = 0.002), confirming a moderated mediation effect. Conditional indirect effects showed that the relationship between climate resilience and multidrug resistance strengthened at higher levels of OHSR. The findings suggest that climate resilience alone is insufficient to curb AMR in livestock systems. Its effectiveness is significantly enhanced when supported by strong institutional responsiveness within a coordinated One Health framework.</p>

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A moderated mediation model of climate resilience, one health responsiveness and antimicrobial resistance among livestock farmers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Jafari Ibrahim Shabani,
  • Salum Omari Kuwi,
  • Onesmo Jackson Lyahama

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance, particularly multidrug resistance is a growing global health challenge affecting human, animal, and environmental health systems. In climate-vulnerable livestock production settings, the interaction between environmental stressors and AMR presents a significant threat to health security. This study examined the relationship between climate resilience and multidrug resistance among livestock farmers in Kongwa and Mpwapwa districts, Dodoma, Tanzania, with particular focus on the mediating and moderating role of One Health Systems Responsiveness. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed involving 191 livestock farmers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring climate resilience, OHSR, and multidrug resistance. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to validate measurement constructs. Structural Equation Modeling, including mediation and moderated mediation analyses, was applied to test hypothesized relationships. Measurement validation indicated strong construct validity, with factor loadings ranging from 0.81 to 0.91. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value of 0.912 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ² = 894.560, p < 0.001) confirmed sampling adequacy. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated excellent model fit (χ2 = 55.309, df = 51, p = 0.315; CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0.021). Climate resilience significantly predicted multidrug resistance (β = 1.048, p < 0.001) and significantly influenced OHSR (β = 0.832, p < 0.001). OHSR also significantly predicted multidrug resistance (β = 0.768, p < 0.001). The direct effect of climate resilience on multidrug resistance was reduced but remained significant when OHSR was included (β = 0.412, p < 0.001), indicating partial mediation. The interaction effect between climate resilience and OHSR was significant (β = 0.056, p = 0.002), confirming a moderated mediation effect. Conditional indirect effects showed that the relationship between climate resilience and multidrug resistance strengthened at higher levels of OHSR. The findings suggest that climate resilience alone is insufficient to curb AMR in livestock systems. Its effectiveness is significantly enhanced when supported by strong institutional responsiveness within a coordinated One Health framework.