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<p>The relationship between gestational vitamin D status and offspring autism remains inconsistent, potentially due to genetic differences in vitamin D receptor (VDR) interactions. This exploratory study examined associations between maternal serum vitamin D concentrations, offspring VDR genotypes (BsmI, Fok1, ApaI, TaqI), and autism symptomatology using the Australian Scale for Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASASC) in 192 mother–child pairs at 11-years follow-up. No association was found between gestational vitamin D levels and total ASASC scores, nor between VDR genotype and total ASASC scores. Secondary subscale analyses revealed that higher early vitamin D concentrations were associated with decreased fact-orienting scores in males (β= − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.08, − 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Additionally, the homozygous recessive TaqI genotype was associated with a 2.5-unit increase in fact-orienting scores compared to the homozygous dominant genotype (β = 2.52, 95% CI 0.36, 4.69, <i>p</i> = 0.02), no significant associations were observed for vitamin D and other ASASC subscales or total scores. Due to the large number of comparisons, no adjustments for multiple testing were made; thus, significant findings should be interpreted with caution. While overall autism traits were unrelated to gestational vitamin D or VDR genotype, preliminary results may suggest modulation of specific autism-related traits by maternal vitamin D levels and offspring genetic variation.</p>

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The association between gestational vitamin D levels and offspring vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in autism-associated traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Esma Fazlić,
  • Julie Pasco,
  • Lana Williams,
  • Natalie Hyde

摘要

The relationship between gestational vitamin D status and offspring autism remains inconsistent, potentially due to genetic differences in vitamin D receptor (VDR) interactions. This exploratory study examined associations between maternal serum vitamin D concentrations, offspring VDR genotypes (BsmI, Fok1, ApaI, TaqI), and autism symptomatology using the Australian Scale for Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASASC) in 192 mother–child pairs at 11-years follow-up. No association was found between gestational vitamin D levels and total ASASC scores, nor between VDR genotype and total ASASC scores. Secondary subscale analyses revealed that higher early vitamin D concentrations were associated with decreased fact-orienting scores in males (β= − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.08, − 0.01, p = 0.02). Additionally, the homozygous recessive TaqI genotype was associated with a 2.5-unit increase in fact-orienting scores compared to the homozygous dominant genotype (β = 2.52, 95% CI 0.36, 4.69, p = 0.02), no significant associations were observed for vitamin D and other ASASC subscales or total scores. Due to the large number of comparisons, no adjustments for multiple testing were made; thus, significant findings should be interpreted with caution. While overall autism traits were unrelated to gestational vitamin D or VDR genotype, preliminary results may suggest modulation of specific autism-related traits by maternal vitamin D levels and offspring genetic variation.