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<p>Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) contains a variety of environments such as streams, acid-sulfate and chloride-rich hot springs, fumaroles, and mud pots. This variation in geochemistry hosts a high diversity of microorganisms. However, published research on microbial communities in hydrothermally active environments at LVNP is limited, particularly using Illumina sequencing. To address this gap, we analyzed prokaryotic (16S rRNA gene) and microeukaryotic (18S rRNA gene) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from biofilms, mineral precipitates, sediments, spring fluids, and stream water from five thermal areas in LVNP. Prokaryotic diversity decreased with increasing temperature (28.3–90.1&#xa0;°C), and the archaeal class Thermoprotei dominated the high-temperature samples. Fungal taxa within Ascomycota were the most dominant microeukaryotic group across LVNP, while the sulfur-oxidizing red alga, <i>Cyanidioschyzon merolae</i>, was the single most abundant microeukaryotic ASV. Cyanobacteriia and Chloroflexia were most prevalent in biofilm and sediment samples at temperatures below 72.3&#xa0;°C in predominantly circumneutral conditions. Microbial network analysis revealed distinct correlations among microorganisms across five main clusters, reflecting FAPROTAX-derived functional potential for phototrophy, chemoheterotrophy, and sulfur and nitrogen cycling. These interactions point to niche separation for microbial communities, likely shaped by site- and substrata-specific environmental factors. Collectively, these findings characterize LVNP as a steep thermal and geochemical gradient in which microbial phototrophic biofilm networks, thermoacidiphilic archaea, and acid- and temperature-tolerant fungi occupy distinct microenvironments.</p>

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Prokaryotic and microbial eukaryotic communities across acid-sulfate and chloride-rich hot springs in Lassen Volcanic National Park

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Makeda I. Mills,
  • Amanda M. Achberger,
  • Andy J. Wanta,
  • Barry I. Cameron,
  • Lindsay J. McHenry,
  • Jason B. Sylvan

摘要

Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) contains a variety of environments such as streams, acid-sulfate and chloride-rich hot springs, fumaroles, and mud pots. This variation in geochemistry hosts a high diversity of microorganisms. However, published research on microbial communities in hydrothermally active environments at LVNP is limited, particularly using Illumina sequencing. To address this gap, we analyzed prokaryotic (16S rRNA gene) and microeukaryotic (18S rRNA gene) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from biofilms, mineral precipitates, sediments, spring fluids, and stream water from five thermal areas in LVNP. Prokaryotic diversity decreased with increasing temperature (28.3–90.1 °C), and the archaeal class Thermoprotei dominated the high-temperature samples. Fungal taxa within Ascomycota were the most dominant microeukaryotic group across LVNP, while the sulfur-oxidizing red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae, was the single most abundant microeukaryotic ASV. Cyanobacteriia and Chloroflexia were most prevalent in biofilm and sediment samples at temperatures below 72.3 °C in predominantly circumneutral conditions. Microbial network analysis revealed distinct correlations among microorganisms across five main clusters, reflecting FAPROTAX-derived functional potential for phototrophy, chemoheterotrophy, and sulfur and nitrogen cycling. These interactions point to niche separation for microbial communities, likely shaped by site- and substrata-specific environmental factors. Collectively, these findings characterize LVNP as a steep thermal and geochemical gradient in which microbial phototrophic biofilm networks, thermoacidiphilic archaea, and acid- and temperature-tolerant fungi occupy distinct microenvironments.