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<p>A holographic leaky-wave antenna based on modulated anisotropic metasurfaces is proposed for the synthesis of multiple counter-rotating vortex beams. The design employs a generalized aperture field estimation method tailored for anisotropic impedance surfaces, enabling independent control over beam orientation, orbital angular momentum mode, power distribution, and polarization. The proposed approach provides a systematic framework for generating multiple beams with a customizable number of petals and tailored, potentially non-uniform, power distributions. By appropriately adjusting the modulation index, the rate of power leakage along the antenna can be precisely controlled, thereby enabling accurate tuning of the antenna gain. Additionally, the use of anisotropic impedance surfaces in hologram synthesis enables polarization control for each individual beam. To experimentally validate the accuracy of the results, a dual polarized, dual-beam prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. The first beam is directed toward the spherical angle of (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta _1 = 30^\circ\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi _1 = 0^\circ\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>) with right-hand circular polarization , and its OAM content is synthesized as a superposition of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(l = -3\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(l = +3\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>, resulting in a six-lobed, counter-rotating vortex beam. The second beam is pencil type with left-hand circular polarization tilted toward (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta _2 = 30^\circ\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi _2 = 90^\circ\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>). The proposed multi-beam configuration enables the simultaneous radiation of distinct beam types, each carrying independent spin and orbital angular momentum states.</p>

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Holographic leaky-wave antennas with independently controlled multiple counter-rotating vortex beams

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Amrollah Amini,
  • Vahid Nayyeri

摘要

A holographic leaky-wave antenna based on modulated anisotropic metasurfaces is proposed for the synthesis of multiple counter-rotating vortex beams. The design employs a generalized aperture field estimation method tailored for anisotropic impedance surfaces, enabling independent control over beam orientation, orbital angular momentum mode, power distribution, and polarization. The proposed approach provides a systematic framework for generating multiple beams with a customizable number of petals and tailored, potentially non-uniform, power distributions. By appropriately adjusting the modulation index, the rate of power leakage along the antenna can be precisely controlled, thereby enabling accurate tuning of the antenna gain. Additionally, the use of anisotropic impedance surfaces in hologram synthesis enables polarization control for each individual beam. To experimentally validate the accuracy of the results, a dual polarized, dual-beam prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. The first beam is directed toward the spherical angle of (\(\theta _1 = 30^\circ\), \(\phi _1 = 0^\circ\)) with right-hand circular polarization , and its OAM content is synthesized as a superposition of \(l = -3\) and \(l = +3\), resulting in a six-lobed, counter-rotating vortex beam. The second beam is pencil type with left-hand circular polarization tilted toward (\(\theta _2 = 30^\circ\), \(\phi _2 = 90^\circ\)). The proposed multi-beam configuration enables the simultaneous radiation of distinct beam types, each carrying independent spin and orbital angular momentum states.