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<p><i>Pterocarpus santalinus</i>, a highly valued rosewood species, faces major cultivation and conservation challenges because of its slow growth, poor natural regeneration, and sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. Understanding the molecular basis of growth and senescence in this species is therefore important for conservation and future molecular studies. NAC transcription factors are plant-specific regulators involved in development, stress responses, hormone signaling, and senescence. In this study, we identified 87 <i>NAC</i> genes from the <i>P. santalinus</i> genome and classified them into 14 phylogenetic subfamilies based on sequence features and evolutionary relationships. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses revealed substantial conservation within the NAC domain together with variation in gene structure and motif composition among family members. Promoter analysis identified numerous cis-acting elements associated with hormone responsiveness, stress-related regulation, and light responsiveness, suggesting that <i>PsNAC</i> genes may respond to diverse regulatory cues. Synteny analysis indicated evolutionary conservation between <i>P. santalinus</i> and comparison species, while a predicted protein-protein interaction network inferred using <i>A. thaliana</i> orthologs identified several candidate NAC regulators within an orthology-based interaction framework. Expression profiling by qRT-PCR further revealed that several <i>PsNAC</i> genes were differentially expressed between mature and naturally senescing leaves. In particular, <i>PsNAC72</i> and <i>PsNAC82</i> showed increased expression in senescing leaves, whereas <i>PsNAC02</i>, <i>PsNAC31</i>, and <i>PsNAC44</i> were downregulated. These findings identify senescence-associated candidate <i>PsNAC</i> genes and provide a genomic resource for future functional validation in <i>P. santalinus</i>.</p>

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NAC transcription factors in Pterocarpus santalinus: identification of candidate genes associated with leaf senescence

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Xianglong Wang,
  • Yingbing Hu,
  • Hongfei Lu,
  • Xing Wang

摘要

Pterocarpus santalinus, a highly valued rosewood species, faces major cultivation and conservation challenges because of its slow growth, poor natural regeneration, and sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. Understanding the molecular basis of growth and senescence in this species is therefore important for conservation and future molecular studies. NAC transcription factors are plant-specific regulators involved in development, stress responses, hormone signaling, and senescence. In this study, we identified 87 NAC genes from the P. santalinus genome and classified them into 14 phylogenetic subfamilies based on sequence features and evolutionary relationships. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses revealed substantial conservation within the NAC domain together with variation in gene structure and motif composition among family members. Promoter analysis identified numerous cis-acting elements associated with hormone responsiveness, stress-related regulation, and light responsiveness, suggesting that PsNAC genes may respond to diverse regulatory cues. Synteny analysis indicated evolutionary conservation between P. santalinus and comparison species, while a predicted protein-protein interaction network inferred using A. thaliana orthologs identified several candidate NAC regulators within an orthology-based interaction framework. Expression profiling by qRT-PCR further revealed that several PsNAC genes were differentially expressed between mature and naturally senescing leaves. In particular, PsNAC72 and PsNAC82 showed increased expression in senescing leaves, whereas PsNAC02, PsNAC31, and PsNAC44 were downregulated. These findings identify senescence-associated candidate PsNAC genes and provide a genomic resource for future functional validation in P. santalinus.