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<p>Lipid nanoparticle delivery of mRNA enables in vivo generation of CAR-T cells while avoiding viral vector manufacturing constraints. However, transient expression places stringent requirements on the developability of CAR components, particularly single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Here we examine how intrinsic scFv biophysical quality governs CAR expression and function under mRNA delivery. Using a humanisation and optimisation workflow guided by computational developability metrics, we engineered scFv variants from three clinically relevant antibody families (FMC63, 14G2a and MGA271/chBRCA84D) spanning a range of baseline stability and aggregation propensity. Optimised variants showed increased humanness and, in most cases, improved thermal stability and reduced non-specific interactions while broadly preserving antigen recognition. Functional testing in primary human T cells following mRNA–LNP delivery revealed strong dependence on starting binder quality: optimisation produced minimal functional change for the stable, predominantly monomeric FMC63 scFv, whereas stabilisation of the aggregation-prone 14G2a scFv markedly increased CAR surface expression and cytotoxic activity. For MGA271-derived binders, optimisation reduced non-specific interactions and off-target killing despite reduced monovalent affinity. Together, these data establish developability engineering of scFvs as a critical enabling step for transient mRNA-encoded CAR therapies.</p>

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Developability engineering of scFvs enables robust CAR function under transient mRNA expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月19日

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  • Maurizio Mangolini,
  • Aubin Ramon,
  • Bingqian Li,
  • Emily Souster,
  • Jasvinder Hayre,
  • Rajesh Karattil,
  • Pietro Sormanni,
  • Shimobi Onuoha

摘要

Lipid nanoparticle delivery of mRNA enables in vivo generation of CAR-T cells while avoiding viral vector manufacturing constraints. However, transient expression places stringent requirements on the developability of CAR components, particularly single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Here we examine how intrinsic scFv biophysical quality governs CAR expression and function under mRNA delivery. Using a humanisation and optimisation workflow guided by computational developability metrics, we engineered scFv variants from three clinically relevant antibody families (FMC63, 14G2a and MGA271/chBRCA84D) spanning a range of baseline stability and aggregation propensity. Optimised variants showed increased humanness and, in most cases, improved thermal stability and reduced non-specific interactions while broadly preserving antigen recognition. Functional testing in primary human T cells following mRNA–LNP delivery revealed strong dependence on starting binder quality: optimisation produced minimal functional change for the stable, predominantly monomeric FMC63 scFv, whereas stabilisation of the aggregation-prone 14G2a scFv markedly increased CAR surface expression and cytotoxic activity. For MGA271-derived binders, optimisation reduced non-specific interactions and off-target killing despite reduced monovalent affinity. Together, these data establish developability engineering of scFvs as a critical enabling step for transient mRNA-encoded CAR therapies.