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<p>Carbonate reservoirs are primarily composed of limestone and dolomite. During acidizing, the acid reacts with both minerals simultaneously; however, the reaction with limestone is notably more rapid and vigorous. Although existing reactive-transport and acidizing models have advanced substantially, the temperature-dependent competitive dissolution between limestone and dolomite and the effect of their spatial distributions remain insufficiently integrated in a unified THC acidizing framework. To address this, we developed a thermal-hydro-chemical (THC) coupling model using the finite element method, explicitly incorporating the reaction rates and sequences of both limestone and dolomite. Utilizing this model, we investigated the patterns and influencing factors of wormhole propagation by analyzing acid temperature, reservoir temperature, injection rate, and dolomite distribution patterns (homogeneous dolomite distribution, patchy dolomite distribution streaked dolomite distribution) and orientation. This approach yielded dynamic results of the acidizing process under varied conditions. Simulation results indicate that at temperatures up to 338&#xa0;K, the acid reaction with limestone is dominant. Upon encountering dolomite, the acid flow diverts to circumvent it, favoring the dissolution of the more reactive limestone. In contrast, at higher temperatures, the apparent reactivity of acid with dolomite increases and becomes more comparable to that with limestone, resulting in more similar dissolution responses. The distribution of dolomite significantly influences wormhole development. At lower temperatures, dolomite inclusions divert the acid flow, leading to circumventing dissolution patterns. Streaked dolomite exhibits a more pronounced channeling effect compared to patchy dolomite distribution distributions, though the orientation of streaked patterns has a lesser impact. As temperature increases, the guiding effect of both patchy dolomite distribution and streaked dolomite diminishes. At an acid temperature of 418&#xa0;K, this guiding effect is markedly weakened, and the acid tends to penetrate through dolomite with reduced diversion.</p>

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A numerical simulation study on dual-mineral carbonate rocks incorporating thermo-hydro-chemical (THC) coupling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Fuming Li,
  • Da Wang,
  • Jiacheng Yin,
  • Yunjin Wang

摘要

Carbonate reservoirs are primarily composed of limestone and dolomite. During acidizing, the acid reacts with both minerals simultaneously; however, the reaction with limestone is notably more rapid and vigorous. Although existing reactive-transport and acidizing models have advanced substantially, the temperature-dependent competitive dissolution between limestone and dolomite and the effect of their spatial distributions remain insufficiently integrated in a unified THC acidizing framework. To address this, we developed a thermal-hydro-chemical (THC) coupling model using the finite element method, explicitly incorporating the reaction rates and sequences of both limestone and dolomite. Utilizing this model, we investigated the patterns and influencing factors of wormhole propagation by analyzing acid temperature, reservoir temperature, injection rate, and dolomite distribution patterns (homogeneous dolomite distribution, patchy dolomite distribution streaked dolomite distribution) and orientation. This approach yielded dynamic results of the acidizing process under varied conditions. Simulation results indicate that at temperatures up to 338 K, the acid reaction with limestone is dominant. Upon encountering dolomite, the acid flow diverts to circumvent it, favoring the dissolution of the more reactive limestone. In contrast, at higher temperatures, the apparent reactivity of acid with dolomite increases and becomes more comparable to that with limestone, resulting in more similar dissolution responses. The distribution of dolomite significantly influences wormhole development. At lower temperatures, dolomite inclusions divert the acid flow, leading to circumventing dissolution patterns. Streaked dolomite exhibits a more pronounced channeling effect compared to patchy dolomite distribution distributions, though the orientation of streaked patterns has a lesser impact. As temperature increases, the guiding effect of both patchy dolomite distribution and streaked dolomite diminishes. At an acid temperature of 418 K, this guiding effect is markedly weakened, and the acid tends to penetrate through dolomite with reduced diversion.