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<p>Fault ruptures pose a major threat to structures, yet conventional numerical models often oversimplify foundation behavior by assuming linear elasticity. This study presents a rigorous 2D plane-strain finite element analysis of shallow foundations subjected to reverse fault rupture, emphasizing the critical role of concrete constitutive modeling. The model incorporates a strain-softening Mohr–Coulomb soil and the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model for reinforced concrete foundations. A parametric study evaluates the effects of superstructure load, fault dip angle, and foundation-fault distance on angular distortion. Results show that the CDP model, which accounts for cracking and stiffness degradation, leads to more realistic predictions of angular distortion compared to linear elastic models, particularly when the foundation enters the plastic regime. The analysis suggests a hierarchy of controlling factors, with foundation-fault proximity as the dominant parameter, followed by foundation stiffness and superstructure load, while the fault dip angle acts as a secondary modifier. These findings demonstrate that, within the parameter space examined, accurate assessment often requires the CDP model—particularly in near-fault or low-stiffness configurations—because neglecting material nonlinearity can substantially underestimate angular distortion. This reinforces the necessity of advanced constitutive modeling for resilient design of surface foundations in active fault zones.</p>

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Numerical investigation of the behaviour of shallow foundations under reverse fault rupture using concrete damage plasticity model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Amin Monshizadeh Naeen,
  • Ali Akhtarpour

摘要

Fault ruptures pose a major threat to structures, yet conventional numerical models often oversimplify foundation behavior by assuming linear elasticity. This study presents a rigorous 2D plane-strain finite element analysis of shallow foundations subjected to reverse fault rupture, emphasizing the critical role of concrete constitutive modeling. The model incorporates a strain-softening Mohr–Coulomb soil and the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model for reinforced concrete foundations. A parametric study evaluates the effects of superstructure load, fault dip angle, and foundation-fault distance on angular distortion. Results show that the CDP model, which accounts for cracking and stiffness degradation, leads to more realistic predictions of angular distortion compared to linear elastic models, particularly when the foundation enters the plastic regime. The analysis suggests a hierarchy of controlling factors, with foundation-fault proximity as the dominant parameter, followed by foundation stiffness and superstructure load, while the fault dip angle acts as a secondary modifier. These findings demonstrate that, within the parameter space examined, accurate assessment often requires the CDP model—particularly in near-fault or low-stiffness configurations—because neglecting material nonlinearity can substantially underestimate angular distortion. This reinforces the necessity of advanced constitutive modeling for resilient design of surface foundations in active fault zones.