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<p>The Hongtupo landslide in Wudu District, Longnan City, triggered by the 1879 Wudu earthquake, posed a severe threat to human life and property. To investigate its formation mechanism, kinematic characteristics, and dynamic evolution, field investigations, geological background analyses, and numerical modeling were conducted. A two-dimensional discrete element model was established and calibrated using biaxial numerical tests to reproduce the complete landslide movement. The simulation results show that the landslide lasted approximately 120 s, with a maximum velocity of 25 m/s and a runout distance of 561 m. Energy evolution during the runout process was dominated by frictional dissipation, collisional energy dissipation, and kinetic energy transformation. The dynamic process of the landslide can be divided into four stages: initiation (0–15 s), acceleration (15–70 s), deceleration (70–110 s), and stabilization (110–120 s). During the movement, the velocity at the top was higher than at the bottom, and the surface velocity exceeded the internal velocity, indicating a thrust-driven sliding mechanism. The simulated topography is generally consistent with field observations, providing important reference for the prevention and mitigation of landslide-related geological hazards in the region.</p>

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Insights into the formation mechanism and motion dynamics of the Hongtupo Landslide, Wudu District, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Miaomiao Li,
  • Guoliang Du,
  • Junjiang Liu,
  • Jinqiu Li,
  • Shichong Yuan

摘要

The Hongtupo landslide in Wudu District, Longnan City, triggered by the 1879 Wudu earthquake, posed a severe threat to human life and property. To investigate its formation mechanism, kinematic characteristics, and dynamic evolution, field investigations, geological background analyses, and numerical modeling were conducted. A two-dimensional discrete element model was established and calibrated using biaxial numerical tests to reproduce the complete landslide movement. The simulation results show that the landslide lasted approximately 120 s, with a maximum velocity of 25 m/s and a runout distance of 561 m. Energy evolution during the runout process was dominated by frictional dissipation, collisional energy dissipation, and kinetic energy transformation. The dynamic process of the landslide can be divided into four stages: initiation (0–15 s), acceleration (15–70 s), deceleration (70–110 s), and stabilization (110–120 s). During the movement, the velocity at the top was higher than at the bottom, and the surface velocity exceeded the internal velocity, indicating a thrust-driven sliding mechanism. The simulated topography is generally consistent with field observations, providing important reference for the prevention and mitigation of landslide-related geological hazards in the region.