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<p>The remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated agricultural soils poses great challenges. Electrokinetic technology can effectively remediate Cd-contaminated soils, but the electrode polarization effect restricts its remediation efficiency. Therefore, in this study, Cd-contaminated paddy soil samples from northern Guangxi were used as the research object. An L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of power supply duration, voltage gradient, power supply mode, and electrolyte type on the remediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soil via electrogeochemical survey technology, and to determine the optimal electrokinetic remediation parameters. The results indicate that the optimal electrokinetic remediation parameters were a voltage gradient of 0.6&#xa0;V/cm, a duration of 144&#xa0;h, continuous power supply, and EDTA-2Na as the electrolyte. Among all experimental runs, the highest measured removal efficiency (49.14%) was achieved in the EK6 group. Statistical analysis revealed that the priority of influence of each factor is electrolyte type &gt; voltage gradient &gt; power supply duration, whereas the effect of the power supply mode was not significant. Mechanistic analysis reveals that EDTA-2Na forms EDTA<sup>4−</sup> at the cathode, which coordinates with Cd<sup>2+</sup> to generate the stable [Cd-EDTA]<sup>2−</sup> complex. This process effectively mobilizes the recalcitrant Cd fractions, and increases the proportion of the water-soluble fraction of Cd in soil from less than 0.1% to over 35%. Concurrently, the electrogeochemical survey configuration suppressed electrode polarization, and no white film deposition was observed on any of the electrodes. These combined effects resulted in an average Cd removal efficiency of 46.6% with EDTA-2Na, substantially outperforming both citric acid (39.4%) and double deionized water (41.2%). The combined application of electrogeochemical survey with EDTA-2Na forms a synergistic multiphase electrochemical reaction mechanism, significantly improving the overall remediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soil.</p>

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Experimental investigation on the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil by electrogeochemical survey technology in Guilin city, Guangxi

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Guangkun Luo,
  • Meilan Wen,
  • Yuxiong Jiang,
  • Yunxue Ma,
  • Yao Sun,
  • Caiyun Zhang,
  • Panfeng Liu,
  • Xiaohan Zhang

摘要

The remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated agricultural soils poses great challenges. Electrokinetic technology can effectively remediate Cd-contaminated soils, but the electrode polarization effect restricts its remediation efficiency. Therefore, in this study, Cd-contaminated paddy soil samples from northern Guangxi were used as the research object. An L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of power supply duration, voltage gradient, power supply mode, and electrolyte type on the remediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soil via electrogeochemical survey technology, and to determine the optimal electrokinetic remediation parameters. The results indicate that the optimal electrokinetic remediation parameters were a voltage gradient of 0.6 V/cm, a duration of 144 h, continuous power supply, and EDTA-2Na as the electrolyte. Among all experimental runs, the highest measured removal efficiency (49.14%) was achieved in the EK6 group. Statistical analysis revealed that the priority of influence of each factor is electrolyte type > voltage gradient > power supply duration, whereas the effect of the power supply mode was not significant. Mechanistic analysis reveals that EDTA-2Na forms EDTA4− at the cathode, which coordinates with Cd2+ to generate the stable [Cd-EDTA]2− complex. This process effectively mobilizes the recalcitrant Cd fractions, and increases the proportion of the water-soluble fraction of Cd in soil from less than 0.1% to over 35%. Concurrently, the electrogeochemical survey configuration suppressed electrode polarization, and no white film deposition was observed on any of the electrodes. These combined effects resulted in an average Cd removal efficiency of 46.6% with EDTA-2Na, substantially outperforming both citric acid (39.4%) and double deionized water (41.2%). The combined application of electrogeochemical survey with EDTA-2Na forms a synergistic multiphase electrochemical reaction mechanism, significantly improving the overall remediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soil.