<p>The production of precision workpieces from long products by shearing remains a challenging problem due to bending deformation, end-face cracking, and insufficient dimensional accuracy. Dies with differentiated clamping represent a promising solution; however, the influence of their design parameters on force transmission, energy efficiency, and deformation localization remains insufficiently understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the technological and design features of dies with differentiated clamping of long products and to establish quantitative relationships between wedge mechanism parameters, friction conditions, and process performance. A systematic classification of die designs was developed based on clamping method, force-transmission mechanism, blade kinematics, and structural configuration. Analytical models were derived to describe force transmission in wedge mechanisms and to determine the relationship between clamping force, shearing force, friction conditions, and mechanism efficiency. Finite-element simulations of the shearing process were performed using DEFORM 3D to analyze stress–strain state evolution, deformation localization, and damage development. Experimental investigations were carried out on a 2.5 MN crank press using strain-gauge measurements to validate the theoretical predictions and evaluate workpiece quality. The results demonstrate that force transmission efficiency and the clamping-to-shearing force ratio are strongly governed by wedge geometry and friction conditions. Rational ranges of force-transmission angles were identified, providing an optimal balance between force amplification and energy efficiency. Numerical simulations revealed that differentiated clamping localizes plastic deformation and damage accumulation within a narrow region adjacent to the blade clearance, suppresses workpiece bending, and promotes stable crack propagation along the intended separation plane. Experimental validation confirmed the adequacy of the developed analytical model, with the discrepancy between calculated and measured peak shearing forces not exceeding 8%. Magnetic particle and dye penetrant inspections verified the absence of end-face cracks in workpieces produced from Steel 0 and Steel 40H. The developed die design improved geometric accuracy while reducing overall dimensions and weight compared with conventional solutions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in establishing quantitative relationships between wedge geometry, friction conditions, force transmission efficiency, and deformation localization during shearing with differentiated clamping. The obtained results provide a scientific basis for controlling the stress–strain state and fracture behavior during precision separation of long products and may be used for the design and optimization of energy-efficient shearing technologies.</p>