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<p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with rising prevalence in Nigeria. APOL1 and NOTCH2 have been implicated in glucose metabolism, adiposity, and diabetic complications, necessitating comparison of APOL1 and NOTCH2 gene expression in patients with T2DM and healthy controls. A case–control study was conducted among 50 participants attending Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Participants were consecutively recruited based on eligibility and sample availability during the study period. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected. Biochemical analyses included fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, glycated haemoglobin, serum insulin, and insulin resistance estimated using Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Gene expression of APOL1 and NOTCH2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was quantified using real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed using parametric or non-parametric statistical methods, including Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation tests, depending on data distribution. Participants with T2DM demonstrated significantly higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, urea, and HOMA-IR compared with controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Cases exhibited significantly higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, urea, and HOMA-IR, indicating poor glycaemic control and increased insulin resistance. APOL1 expression was significantly lower in T2DM cases compared with controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas NOTCH2 expression did not differ significantly between groups. APOL1 expression correlated positively with adiposity measures but showed significant inverse associations with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and urea. NOTCH2 expression was negatively associated with age and fasting glucose and positively correlated with hip circumference. A moderate positive correlation was observed between APOL1 and NOTCH2 expression. These findings highlight the importance of integrating molecular markers with clinical and biochemical data to improve understanding of T2DM in African populations.</p>

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Expression of APOL1 and NOTCH2 genes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Oluwatofunmi Jemima Bankole,
  • Olalekan Ademola Kemiki,
  • Olalekan John Okesanya,
  • Jessica Modupe Adeboyejo,
  • Tolutope Adebimpe Oso,
  • Olawunmi Feyisayo Onifade,
  • Ojerinde Amos Olakunle,
  • Jane Udoka Eguzoraku,
  • Afis Akanni Agboola,
  • Esther Ngozi Adejumo

摘要

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with rising prevalence in Nigeria. APOL1 and NOTCH2 have been implicated in glucose metabolism, adiposity, and diabetic complications, necessitating comparison of APOL1 and NOTCH2 gene expression in patients with T2DM and healthy controls. A case–control study was conducted among 50 participants attending Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Participants were consecutively recruited based on eligibility and sample availability during the study period. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected. Biochemical analyses included fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, glycated haemoglobin, serum insulin, and insulin resistance estimated using Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Gene expression of APOL1 and NOTCH2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was quantified using real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed using parametric or non-parametric statistical methods, including Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation tests, depending on data distribution. Participants with T2DM demonstrated significantly higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, urea, and HOMA-IR compared with controls (p < 0.05). Cases exhibited significantly higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, urea, and HOMA-IR, indicating poor glycaemic control and increased insulin resistance. APOL1 expression was significantly lower in T2DM cases compared with controls (p < 0.05), whereas NOTCH2 expression did not differ significantly between groups. APOL1 expression correlated positively with adiposity measures but showed significant inverse associations with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and urea. NOTCH2 expression was negatively associated with age and fasting glucose and positively correlated with hip circumference. A moderate positive correlation was observed between APOL1 and NOTCH2 expression. These findings highlight the importance of integrating molecular markers with clinical and biochemical data to improve understanding of T2DM in African populations.