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<p>This study aimed to develop and evaluate hybrid composites of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) for synthetic cartilage applications in joint prostheses. Three composite formulations were prepared using a solvent dispersing method followed by hot pressing, and their mechanical, tribological, and antibacterial properties were analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to assess the dispersion quality of the fillers. TiO<sub>2</sub> content was varied (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) while HAP content was fixed at 20 wt%. In the UHMWPE matrix, HAP served as a bone osteo-inductive agent and TiO<sub>2</sub> as an anti-wear additive. Wear testing against Ti6Al4V alloy using dry sliding and simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed that 3 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub> enhanced wear resistance due to the formation of a dense lubricant film. The Agar Well Diffusion method confirmed significant antibacterial activity in the composites. Furthermore, fatigue tests conducted at frequencies of 1&#xa0;Hz and 3&#xa0;Hz demonstrated improved fatigue life and maximum stress for the P-H-3T composite (3 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub>). This improvement was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles, which facilitated better stress transfer and delayed crack initiation. Excessive TiO<sub>2</sub> led to particle agglomeration, reducing fatigue resistance. The results highlight that 3 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub> provides an optimal balance between strength, wear resistance, and fatigue life for biomedical applications.</p>

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Wear, fatigue characteristics, and antibacterial performance of UHMWPE reinforced with HAP+TiO2 for biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • Ahmed Salama,
  • T. A. Osman,
  • R. M. Rashad,
  • Bahaa M. Kamel,
  • M. M. Salem

摘要

This study aimed to develop and evaluate hybrid composites of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for synthetic cartilage applications in joint prostheses. Three composite formulations were prepared using a solvent dispersing method followed by hot pressing, and their mechanical, tribological, and antibacterial properties were analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to assess the dispersion quality of the fillers. TiO2 content was varied (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) while HAP content was fixed at 20 wt%. In the UHMWPE matrix, HAP served as a bone osteo-inductive agent and TiO2 as an anti-wear additive. Wear testing against Ti6Al4V alloy using dry sliding and simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed that 3 wt% TiO2 enhanced wear resistance due to the formation of a dense lubricant film. The Agar Well Diffusion method confirmed significant antibacterial activity in the composites. Furthermore, fatigue tests conducted at frequencies of 1 Hz and 3 Hz demonstrated improved fatigue life and maximum stress for the P-H-3T composite (3 wt% TiO2). This improvement was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles, which facilitated better stress transfer and delayed crack initiation. Excessive TiO2 led to particle agglomeration, reducing fatigue resistance. The results highlight that 3 wt% TiO2 provides an optimal balance between strength, wear resistance, and fatigue life for biomedical applications.