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<p>A highly efficient and facile synthesis method was developed to anchor ultra-small, monodisperse palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), with diameters of 40–50 nm, onto ultrathin crystalline 2D graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>). The resulting Pd/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite synergistically combines the advantageous properties of the ultra-small Pd NPs and the ultrathin crystalline g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> support. This catalyst demonstrated markedly enhanced photocatalytic performance for the synthesis of complex quinolin-fused benzo[d]azeto[1,2-a]benzimidazole analogues. The reaction proceeds via an intramolecular cyclization between o-phenylenediamine and various substituted 2-chloro-5-(2-methylquinoline-4-yl)benzaldehydes, involving simultaneous C–H/N–H and C–H/C–X bond activation. The photo catalyst was comprehensively characterized using SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, BET, and FT-IR techniques. This work provides a promising and straightforward strategy for designing high-performance heterogeneous catalysts with well-dispersed metal active sites for advanced synthetic applications.</p>

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An efficient Pd embedded 2D g-C3N4 photo catalyst intramolecular cyclization reaction for synthesis of quinolin-fused benzo[d] azeto[1,2-a] benzimidazole analogues

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Jamal Kouhdareh,
  • Shokoufeh Ghahri Saremi,
  • Mohammad Noroozi

摘要

A highly efficient and facile synthesis method was developed to anchor ultra-small, monodisperse palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), with diameters of 40–50 nm, onto ultrathin crystalline 2D graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The resulting Pd/g-C3N4 nanocomposite synergistically combines the advantageous properties of the ultra-small Pd NPs and the ultrathin crystalline g-C3N4 support. This catalyst demonstrated markedly enhanced photocatalytic performance for the synthesis of complex quinolin-fused benzo[d]azeto[1,2-a]benzimidazole analogues. The reaction proceeds via an intramolecular cyclization between o-phenylenediamine and various substituted 2-chloro-5-(2-methylquinoline-4-yl)benzaldehydes, involving simultaneous C–H/N–H and C–H/C–X bond activation. The photo catalyst was comprehensively characterized using SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, BET, and FT-IR techniques. This work provides a promising and straightforward strategy for designing high-performance heterogeneous catalysts with well-dispersed metal active sites for advanced synthetic applications.