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<p>Variation in animal communication signals can emerge over very small spatial scales, yet the mechanisms driving such divergence remain poorly understood. We examined differences in the advertisement call of the poison frog <i>Oophaga histrionica</i> among four discrete populations or color morphs (red, orange, white, yellow) occurring in the municipality of Santa Cecilia, Risaralda, Colombia. We quantified call features from 46 males and evaluated the contribution of body size and body temperature on signal variation. We also compared calling-site characteristics among morphs, given that the habitats they occupy differ in levels of human disturbance. There is pronounced divergence in call features among morphs. Differences in call frequency were explained by variation in male body size; however, males of the yellow morph produced lower-frequency calls even after accounting for size effects. Differences in vegetation structural complexity among morphs may contribute to the observed call variation, although further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. Temporal call features showed patterns consistent with thermal modulation. Calling site characteristics also vary among morphs, likely reflecting variation in microhabitat availability. Overall, differentiation in calling behavior among morphs of <i>O. histrionica</i> arises from the interaction of morphological constraints and local abiotic conditions, with potential contributions from additional, yet unidentified, factors. This study highlights poison frogs as model systems for investigating how ecological heterogeneity and phenotypic variation interact during early stages of population differentiation.</p>

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Microgeographic variation in advertisement call and calling site among color morphs of the polytypic poison frog Oophaga histrionica (Dendrobatidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Sebastián Duarte-Marín,
  • Sara Navarro-Ortiz,
  • Manuela Montoya-Marín,
  • Blas Antonio Cárdenas-Mosquera,
  • Fernando Vargas-Salinas

摘要

Variation in animal communication signals can emerge over very small spatial scales, yet the mechanisms driving such divergence remain poorly understood. We examined differences in the advertisement call of the poison frog Oophaga histrionica among four discrete populations or color morphs (red, orange, white, yellow) occurring in the municipality of Santa Cecilia, Risaralda, Colombia. We quantified call features from 46 males and evaluated the contribution of body size and body temperature on signal variation. We also compared calling-site characteristics among morphs, given that the habitats they occupy differ in levels of human disturbance. There is pronounced divergence in call features among morphs. Differences in call frequency were explained by variation in male body size; however, males of the yellow morph produced lower-frequency calls even after accounting for size effects. Differences in vegetation structural complexity among morphs may contribute to the observed call variation, although further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. Temporal call features showed patterns consistent with thermal modulation. Calling site characteristics also vary among morphs, likely reflecting variation in microhabitat availability. Overall, differentiation in calling behavior among morphs of O. histrionica arises from the interaction of morphological constraints and local abiotic conditions, with potential contributions from additional, yet unidentified, factors. This study highlights poison frogs as model systems for investigating how ecological heterogeneity and phenotypic variation interact during early stages of population differentiation.