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<p>In complex flows where motions at distinctly different speeds co-exist on the same plane, current optical flow (OF) methods preferentially track the slower component due to the small-motion assumption in OF algorithms. We overcome this limitation by balancing light intensity and applying per-pixel time-based high-pass filtering. We demonstrate this method using schlieren video of air motion generated by speech, where fast speech air flow co-exists with slower buoyancy flows from body heat–discrimination impossible with conventional OF. Our method extracted air flow patterns several centimetres from the mouth as a function of spoken sounds, with peak velocities in the English “pa” sound agreeing with CFD simulations. The method allows analysis of spatial and temporal variation in air velocity at distance from the speaker’s lips, made by different sounds (phones). To do this, kymographs (space-time velocity plots) were generated and analysed using Generalized Additive Mixed-effect Models (GAMM). At 30 cm from the lips, statistical models showed higher predictive power (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R^2\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>: 2.64%<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rightarrow\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>7.57%), reduced complexity, and improved fit (fREML: 6.8E7<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\rightarrow\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>7.3E6, 89.3% residual reduction) compared to uncorrected data. The method is generalizable to any 3D optically accessible flow with motion predominantly in the image plane containing co-located high and low speed motions.</p>

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Isolating fast and slow flows in three-dimensional fluid dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Donald Derrick,
  • Mark Jermy,
  • Jason Chen

摘要

In complex flows where motions at distinctly different speeds co-exist on the same plane, current optical flow (OF) methods preferentially track the slower component due to the small-motion assumption in OF algorithms. We overcome this limitation by balancing light intensity and applying per-pixel time-based high-pass filtering. We demonstrate this method using schlieren video of air motion generated by speech, where fast speech air flow co-exists with slower buoyancy flows from body heat–discrimination impossible with conventional OF. Our method extracted air flow patterns several centimetres from the mouth as a function of spoken sounds, with peak velocities in the English “pa” sound agreeing with CFD simulations. The method allows analysis of spatial and temporal variation in air velocity at distance from the speaker’s lips, made by different sounds (phones). To do this, kymographs (space-time velocity plots) were generated and analysed using Generalized Additive Mixed-effect Models (GAMM). At 30 cm from the lips, statistical models showed higher predictive power (\(R^2\): 2.64%\(\rightarrow\)7.57%), reduced complexity, and improved fit (fREML: 6.8E7\(\rightarrow\)7.3E6, 89.3% residual reduction) compared to uncorrected data. The method is generalizable to any 3D optically accessible flow with motion predominantly in the image plane containing co-located high and low speed motions.