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<p>To mitigate disintegration of red clay–tungsten tailings mixed soil, xanthan gum and guar gum were used as amendments. Specimens with varying biopolymer contents were tested under moisture contents of 15%, 18%, and 21% and curing times of 0–28 d. Low-field NMR, FTIR, and SEM were applied to reveal pore-water states, chemical interactions, and fabric evolution. Relative to untreated soil, complete disintegration time rose by 66.7%, 82.1%, and 200.2% for XG contents of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%, respectively. With GG content ≥ 0.5%, the cumulative disintegration ratio remained below 100% during the test. Increasing moisture from 15% to 18% and 21% prolonged disintegration of untreated soil by 24.6% and 86.3%, while sharply decreasing cumulative disintegration in amended soils: at 1% GG, 67.9% fell to 6.4% and 0.59%; at 1% XG, 100% fell to 15.1% and 3.98%. Curing further reduced cumulative disintegration, particularly for GG-treated specimens. Mechanistic analyses revealed that xanthan gum interacts via hydrogen bonding and ionic coordination, while guar gum mainly forms hydrogen bonds with partial ionic interactions; both form hydrogel networks that coat particles, bridge aggregates, and reduce pore sizes. These findings provide practical guidance for in-situ stabilization of fine-grained tailings, demonstrating that biopolymer treatment can improve pond cover durability, mitigate water-induced erosion, and enable partial resource reutilization of tungsten tailings.</p>

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Disintegration characteristics of red clay-tungsten tailings mixtures improved with guar gum and xanthan gum

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Shanmei Li,
  • Xinwei Mei,
  • Yunpeng Guan,
  • Binghong Dong,
  • Jianping Meng

摘要

To mitigate disintegration of red clay–tungsten tailings mixed soil, xanthan gum and guar gum were used as amendments. Specimens with varying biopolymer contents were tested under moisture contents of 15%, 18%, and 21% and curing times of 0–28 d. Low-field NMR, FTIR, and SEM were applied to reveal pore-water states, chemical interactions, and fabric evolution. Relative to untreated soil, complete disintegration time rose by 66.7%, 82.1%, and 200.2% for XG contents of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%, respectively. With GG content ≥ 0.5%, the cumulative disintegration ratio remained below 100% during the test. Increasing moisture from 15% to 18% and 21% prolonged disintegration of untreated soil by 24.6% and 86.3%, while sharply decreasing cumulative disintegration in amended soils: at 1% GG, 67.9% fell to 6.4% and 0.59%; at 1% XG, 100% fell to 15.1% and 3.98%. Curing further reduced cumulative disintegration, particularly for GG-treated specimens. Mechanistic analyses revealed that xanthan gum interacts via hydrogen bonding and ionic coordination, while guar gum mainly forms hydrogen bonds with partial ionic interactions; both form hydrogel networks that coat particles, bridge aggregates, and reduce pore sizes. These findings provide practical guidance for in-situ stabilization of fine-grained tailings, demonstrating that biopolymer treatment can improve pond cover durability, mitigate water-induced erosion, and enable partial resource reutilization of tungsten tailings.