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<p>Biochar has attracted increasing attention as a carbon-negative material, including asphalt applications. On the one hand, its impact on the mechanical performance limits its application and might reduce pavement durability. On the other hand, biochar’s microwave-absorbing properties can be used to enable crack healing. In this study, mineral aggregates in an asphalt concrete mixture were partially replaced with biochar at substitution levels of 0%, 2%, 4% and 8% by mass of aggregates. The microwave-induced heating behaviour, fracture resistance and healing performance under repeated damage-healing cycles were systematically investigated. Surface temperature measurements revealed that biochar enhanced microwave energy conversion into heat, although heating rates decreased slightly after repeated damage-healing cycles. Healing efficiency depended on biochar, binder, and air void content, which are closely interlinked. Mixtures containing 2% and 4% biochar by aggregate mass exhibited the highest healing ratios, whereas excessive biochar substitution (8%) resulted in a low and progressively declining healing performance. Notably, the reduction in heating rate under repeated treatment cycles did not affect healing efficiency. These results demonstrate that moderate biochar incorporation into asphalt can enhance microwave-induced healing without compromising cracking resistance, supporting its use in preventive maintenance strategies for asphalt pavements.</p>

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Biochar as an enabler for microwave-induced crack healing in asphalt mixtures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Daniel Grossegger

摘要

Biochar has attracted increasing attention as a carbon-negative material, including asphalt applications. On the one hand, its impact on the mechanical performance limits its application and might reduce pavement durability. On the other hand, biochar’s microwave-absorbing properties can be used to enable crack healing. In this study, mineral aggregates in an asphalt concrete mixture were partially replaced with biochar at substitution levels of 0%, 2%, 4% and 8% by mass of aggregates. The microwave-induced heating behaviour, fracture resistance and healing performance under repeated damage-healing cycles were systematically investigated. Surface temperature measurements revealed that biochar enhanced microwave energy conversion into heat, although heating rates decreased slightly after repeated damage-healing cycles. Healing efficiency depended on biochar, binder, and air void content, which are closely interlinked. Mixtures containing 2% and 4% biochar by aggregate mass exhibited the highest healing ratios, whereas excessive biochar substitution (8%) resulted in a low and progressively declining healing performance. Notably, the reduction in heating rate under repeated treatment cycles did not affect healing efficiency. These results demonstrate that moderate biochar incorporation into asphalt can enhance microwave-induced healing without compromising cracking resistance, supporting its use in preventive maintenance strategies for asphalt pavements.