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<p>Atmospheric aerosols significantly impact climate, and the hydrological cycle, in high-altitude regions like the Western Ghats in India, where monsoon dynamics play a critical role. Here we present the first Q-ACSM-based characterization of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM<sub>1</sub>) and organic aerosol (OA) source apportionment from Munnar, Kerala, during the Southwest monsoon season (06 June—25 July 2021).&#xa0;The organics comprised the largest fraction of NR-PM<sub>1</sub> (42.1 ± 23.7%), closely followed by sulfate (41.0 ± 19.6%). Aerosol composition was strongly controlled by meteorological regime: sulfate dominated during active monsoon periods and exhibited a persistent high-speed W–SW transport signature consistent with strong marine influence, while organics became the dominant fraction (52%) during the mixed period.&#xa0;OA source apportionment, conducted using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), identified four key factors: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, 11.4 ± 10.4%), biomass-burning OA (BBOA, 14.0 ± 13.8%), Biomass-Burning-derived Oxygenated OA (BB-OOA, 40.2 ± 23.0%), and Oxygenated OA (OOA, 34.3 ± 24.3%), suggesting dominance of secondary aerosols in the region. These findings highlight the contrasting roles of long-range marine transport and local secondary processing in shaping fine aerosol composition at high-altitude monsoon sites, with implications for aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity over the Western Ghats.</p>

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Aerosol interplay with meteorology in a biodiversity-rich high-altitude site in India: impacts of southwest monsoon on aerosol chemical characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Kavyashree N. Kalkura,
  • Aishwarya Singh,
  • Ramesh Chand K. A.,
  • M. Devaprasad,
  • Govindan Pandithurai,
  • Rizana Salim,
  • Samara Carbone,
  • James Allan,
  • Gordon McFiggans,
  • Pengfei Liu,
  • Hugh Coe,
  • Ravikrishna Raghunathan,
  • Sachin S. Gunthe

摘要

Atmospheric aerosols significantly impact climate, and the hydrological cycle, in high-altitude regions like the Western Ghats in India, where monsoon dynamics play a critical role. Here we present the first Q-ACSM-based characterization of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) and organic aerosol (OA) source apportionment from Munnar, Kerala, during the Southwest monsoon season (06 June—25 July 2021). The organics comprised the largest fraction of NR-PM1 (42.1 ± 23.7%), closely followed by sulfate (41.0 ± 19.6%). Aerosol composition was strongly controlled by meteorological regime: sulfate dominated during active monsoon periods and exhibited a persistent high-speed W–SW transport signature consistent with strong marine influence, while organics became the dominant fraction (52%) during the mixed period. OA source apportionment, conducted using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), identified four key factors: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, 11.4 ± 10.4%), biomass-burning OA (BBOA, 14.0 ± 13.8%), Biomass-Burning-derived Oxygenated OA (BB-OOA, 40.2 ± 23.0%), and Oxygenated OA (OOA, 34.3 ± 24.3%), suggesting dominance of secondary aerosols in the region. These findings highlight the contrasting roles of long-range marine transport and local secondary processing in shaping fine aerosol composition at high-altitude monsoon sites, with implications for aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity over the Western Ghats.