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<p>Preventing roof water hazards in deep coal mining under thick, weakly cemented overburden is challenging, particularly in Western China where traditional theories often fail to predict high-level water inrush caused by the independent secondary fracture of massive upper strata. Using the Yingpanhao Coalfield as a case study, this research investigates overburden failure laws through a comprehensive approach involving field monitoring (including distributed optical fiber sensing), PFC numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. The study identifies a distinct “Coal Measures-Cretaceous double-layer structure.” Results show significant behavioral differences between these strata, causing a unique “secondary movement” phenomenon. Consequently, this paper proposes a new “Upward-Extended Five-Zone” model, modifying the traditional “Three-Zone” theory. The model delineates the caving zone, low-position fracture and bending zones (within Coal Measures), and high-position fracture and bending zones (within Cretaceous strata). These findings offer theoretical support for water hazard prevention in similar geological conditions.</p>

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A novel Upward-Extended Five-Zone model for overburden failure in deep coal seams with ultra-thick Cretaceous strata

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Hui-yong Yin,
  • Yu Xiao,
  • Xiang-ru Fan,
  • Dao-lei Xie,
  • Jiu-chuan Wei,
  • Hui-gong Niu,
  • Wei-jie Zhang,
  • Cheng-hao Han,
  • You-qing Wei

摘要

Preventing roof water hazards in deep coal mining under thick, weakly cemented overburden is challenging, particularly in Western China where traditional theories often fail to predict high-level water inrush caused by the independent secondary fracture of massive upper strata. Using the Yingpanhao Coalfield as a case study, this research investigates overburden failure laws through a comprehensive approach involving field monitoring (including distributed optical fiber sensing), PFC numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. The study identifies a distinct “Coal Measures-Cretaceous double-layer structure.” Results show significant behavioral differences between these strata, causing a unique “secondary movement” phenomenon. Consequently, this paper proposes a new “Upward-Extended Five-Zone” model, modifying the traditional “Three-Zone” theory. The model delineates the caving zone, low-position fracture and bending zones (within Coal Measures), and high-position fracture and bending zones (within Cretaceous strata). These findings offer theoretical support for water hazard prevention in similar geological conditions.