Effect of multicomponent support intervention on medication adherence and self-efficacy levels in hypertension patients

This study aims to investigate the impact of a multicomponent support intervention on medication adherence and self-efficacy levels among patients with hypertension. This quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted in Turkey with 63 hypertensive patients assigned to intervention and control groups using a non-random allocation approach. Pre-test data were collected face-to-face. The intervention group received structured training on blood pressure self-monitoring using the “Hypertension Training Manual” and measured their blood pressure twice daily at home. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale in Hypertensive Patients. The intervention consisted of a multicomponent support program including individualized education, a hypertension education booklet, home blood pressure monitoring, SMS reminders, and monthly follow-up calls. To support adherence, SMS reminders were sent three times per week for three months. Post-test data were collected online, and outcome assessments and statistical analyses were conducted by a researcher who was not involved in the intervention process. Post-test medication adherence self-efficacy scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (45.97±5.86 vs. 39.75±5.57, p<0.001, Cohen’s d=0.87). General self-efficacy scores were also significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (81.16±19.18 vs. 74.53±11.30, p=0.048, Cohen’s d=0.51). Statistically significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index were observed over time in the intervention group (p < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were observed in the control group.A multicomponent educational and behavioral support intervention may contribute to improved medication adherence and self-efficacy among patients with hypertension.