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<p>This study bridges the critical gap between laboratory promise and field-scale economic decision-making for nanoparticle-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by developing an integrated, field-calibrated techno-economic framework specifically for the Azadegan Sarvak reservoir. We evaluate seven nanoparticle families-silica (SiO₂), nanoclay, magnetic Fe₃O₄, titania (TiO₂), graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and polymeric nanocapsules. Key innovations include: (1) a novel Laboratory-to-Field scaling procedure that translates core-flood metrics into field recovery estimates, (2) a risk-adjusted discounting method incorporating technical and environmental uncertainty, and (3) a quantitative Environmental Risk Index (ERI) to guide sustainable deployment. These components are integrated into a Monte Carlo–enhanced Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model to provide a robust, transparent decision-support tool. The model incorporates a 10,000-run Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, a risk-adjusted discounting method, and a quantitative Environmental Risk Index (ERI). Under a base oil price of 70 USD/bbl, SiO₂ and nanoclay emerge as the most economically attractive options (positive median NPV, IRR &gt; 40%, median payback ≈ 3 years), benefiting from low cost and robust performance. TiO₂ and ZnO are conditionally economic, dependent on thermal stability and operational constraints. In contrast, GO and polymeric nanocapsules present high-risk/high-reward profiles at current unit prices, while Fe₃O₄ is uneconomic when the substantial CAPEX for magnetic guidance is included. Sensitivity analysis identifies oil price, incremental recovery (ΔRF), and nanoparticle unit price as the dominant value drivers. The study provides prioritized pilot recommendations, explicit technical/cost thresholds for scale-up, and a zonal implementation guide, delivering a practical decision-support tool for nano-EOR deployment in Azadegan.</p>

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Technical and economic assessment of seven nanoparticle families for enhanced oil recovery in the Azadegan oil field

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Hamid Mohammad Soleimani

摘要

This study bridges the critical gap between laboratory promise and field-scale economic decision-making for nanoparticle-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by developing an integrated, field-calibrated techno-economic framework specifically for the Azadegan Sarvak reservoir. We evaluate seven nanoparticle families-silica (SiO₂), nanoclay, magnetic Fe₃O₄, titania (TiO₂), graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and polymeric nanocapsules. Key innovations include: (1) a novel Laboratory-to-Field scaling procedure that translates core-flood metrics into field recovery estimates, (2) a risk-adjusted discounting method incorporating technical and environmental uncertainty, and (3) a quantitative Environmental Risk Index (ERI) to guide sustainable deployment. These components are integrated into a Monte Carlo–enhanced Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model to provide a robust, transparent decision-support tool. The model incorporates a 10,000-run Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, a risk-adjusted discounting method, and a quantitative Environmental Risk Index (ERI). Under a base oil price of 70 USD/bbl, SiO₂ and nanoclay emerge as the most economically attractive options (positive median NPV, IRR > 40%, median payback ≈ 3 years), benefiting from low cost and robust performance. TiO₂ and ZnO are conditionally economic, dependent on thermal stability and operational constraints. In contrast, GO and polymeric nanocapsules present high-risk/high-reward profiles at current unit prices, while Fe₃O₄ is uneconomic when the substantial CAPEX for magnetic guidance is included. Sensitivity analysis identifies oil price, incremental recovery (ΔRF), and nanoparticle unit price as the dominant value drivers. The study provides prioritized pilot recommendations, explicit technical/cost thresholds for scale-up, and a zonal implementation guide, delivering a practical decision-support tool for nano-EOR deployment in Azadegan.