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<p>The pulp and paper industry is one of the main pillars of the global economy. The average global paper upcycling rate is 60%, with &lt; 30% paper upcycling rate in India. The present investigation focuses the exploration of enzymatic deinking technology (EDT) for the upcycling of used-paper (photocopied/print) using laccase and cellulase enzymes, produced from fungal isolates. Among all the isolated strains, <i>Metarhizium granulomatis</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i> showed maximum enzyme activity for laccase (196.786&#xa0;U/mL) and cellulase (8.471&#xa0;U/mL), respectively. Gene-specific analysis and protein profiling approach revealed the presence of genes (β-tubulin, eglB, and cbh) responsible for the respective enzyme production. A comparative analysis for paper upcycling between the experimental set (enzyme extract, commercial cellulase, and chemical treatment) revealed an enhancement in the optical/physical properties of upcycled paper (enzyme extract treated). Microbial cellulase achieved the highest deinking efficiency (95.29%) as compared to others. Current novel technology can be deployed for upcycling of used-paper having potential for revitalizing paper upcycling industry globally.</p>

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Enzymatic deinking of used-paper using laccase and cellulase from Metarhizium granulomatis and Aspergillus niger: a sustainable upcycling approach

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Sweta Shrivastava,
  • Sarika Gupta

摘要

The pulp and paper industry is one of the main pillars of the global economy. The average global paper upcycling rate is 60%, with < 30% paper upcycling rate in India. The present investigation focuses the exploration of enzymatic deinking technology (EDT) for the upcycling of used-paper (photocopied/print) using laccase and cellulase enzymes, produced from fungal isolates. Among all the isolated strains, Metarhizium granulomatis and Aspergillus niger showed maximum enzyme activity for laccase (196.786 U/mL) and cellulase (8.471 U/mL), respectively. Gene-specific analysis and protein profiling approach revealed the presence of genes (β-tubulin, eglB, and cbh) responsible for the respective enzyme production. A comparative analysis for paper upcycling between the experimental set (enzyme extract, commercial cellulase, and chemical treatment) revealed an enhancement in the optical/physical properties of upcycled paper (enzyme extract treated). Microbial cellulase achieved the highest deinking efficiency (95.29%) as compared to others. Current novel technology can be deployed for upcycling of used-paper having potential for revitalizing paper upcycling industry globally.