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<p>Responders in the Ultimatum Game (UG) often reject unfair offers, yet previous studies remain inconsistent about when monetary incentives attenuate such rejections. To clarify this issue, we conducted four complementary experiments focusing on responders’ acceptance decisions while varying incentive realism, gain range, task structure, and participant background. Experiment 1 used a hypothetical one-shot questionnaire and did not support the predicted interaction pattern. Experiment 2 introduced real monetary incentives and revealed main effects of fairness and responder gain, but still no interaction. Experiment 3 substantially expanded the gain range in a repeated virtual UG and showed that gain-related increases in acceptance were stronger under lower-fairness offers than under higher-fairness offers. Experiment 4, conducted under a fixed very unfair offer and real monetary rewards, showed that gain-related changes in acceptance were markedly steeper among college students than among working adults. Across studies, gain-related acceptance patterns depended on task context, gain range, and participant background. These findings suggest that fairness concerns and monetary incentives jointly shape UG acceptance, and that high gains can attenuate unfairness-based rejection under some conditions.</p>

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Contextual effects of monetary incentives on acceptance of unfair offers in the ultimatum game

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Peipei Jin,
  • Qian Chang,
  • Chengxi Ding,
  • Jinying Ouyang,
  • Yinuo Xu,
  • Zhuoyu Li,
  • Wuji Lin,
  • Ruixiang Gao,
  • Lei Mo

摘要

Responders in the Ultimatum Game (UG) often reject unfair offers, yet previous studies remain inconsistent about when monetary incentives attenuate such rejections. To clarify this issue, we conducted four complementary experiments focusing on responders’ acceptance decisions while varying incentive realism, gain range, task structure, and participant background. Experiment 1 used a hypothetical one-shot questionnaire and did not support the predicted interaction pattern. Experiment 2 introduced real monetary incentives and revealed main effects of fairness and responder gain, but still no interaction. Experiment 3 substantially expanded the gain range in a repeated virtual UG and showed that gain-related increases in acceptance were stronger under lower-fairness offers than under higher-fairness offers. Experiment 4, conducted under a fixed very unfair offer and real monetary rewards, showed that gain-related changes in acceptance were markedly steeper among college students than among working adults. Across studies, gain-related acceptance patterns depended on task context, gain range, and participant background. These findings suggest that fairness concerns and monetary incentives jointly shape UG acceptance, and that high gains can attenuate unfairness-based rejection under some conditions.