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<p>High-resolution optical sensors are vital for detecting subtle refractive index variations associated with biomolecular interactions, such as changes in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration. This work presents a compact metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic sensor with two concentric ring resonators, numerically investigated using finite-difference time-domain simulations. Structural parameters are optimized to maximize field confinement and resonant mode coupling, yielding a sensitivity of 1035&#xa0;nm/RIU, a resonance linewidth of 3.75&#xa0;nm, and a figure of merit of 276 RIU⁻¹. The sensor demonstrates precise spectral shifts corresponding to minute refractive index changes linked to CEA, while the influence of surface-bound layers and fabrication tolerances is also assessed to ensure robustness under practical conditions. These results highlight the sensor’s potential as a high-resolution, label-free platform for monitoring CEA in biological samples.</p>

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A High-resolution metal–insulator–metal plasmonic biosensor with concentric ring resonators for carcinoembryonic antigen detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Hamid Bahador,
  • Hadi Izadiyar,
  • Azadeh Nilghaz

摘要

High-resolution optical sensors are vital for detecting subtle refractive index variations associated with biomolecular interactions, such as changes in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration. This work presents a compact metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic sensor with two concentric ring resonators, numerically investigated using finite-difference time-domain simulations. Structural parameters are optimized to maximize field confinement and resonant mode coupling, yielding a sensitivity of 1035 nm/RIU, a resonance linewidth of 3.75 nm, and a figure of merit of 276 RIU⁻¹. The sensor demonstrates precise spectral shifts corresponding to minute refractive index changes linked to CEA, while the influence of surface-bound layers and fabrication tolerances is also assessed to ensure robustness under practical conditions. These results highlight the sensor’s potential as a high-resolution, label-free platform for monitoring CEA in biological samples.