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<p>This study was conducted to determine the morphometric characteristics, mineral composition, and bioactive compound richness of the leaves of wild pear (<i>Pyrus elaeagnifolia</i>) genotypes naturally occurring in the Central Anatolia region and of commonly cultivated pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.) varieties. To the best of our knowledge, the biochemical and mineral composition of the leaves of <i>P. elaeagnifolia</i>, a species endemic to Anatolia, has not been fully characterized. The study findings revealed significant genotypic variation in all measured characters. Petiole length varied between 3.38 (104) and 39.30&#xa0;mm (Deveci), petiole thickness varied between 0.65 (27) and 1.93&#xa0;mm (44), leaf width varied between 7.85 (27) and 30.65&#xa0;mm (30), and leaf length varied between 24.98 (27) and 68.71&#xa0;mm (104). Based on the mineral element content of the leaves, calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were identified as the dominant elements. In terms of mineral element content, <i>P. elaeagnifolia</i> was richer than <i>P. communis</i>. In leaves, Ca content varied between 96.37 (40) and 309.17 (58) mg/kg, K content varied between 47.18 (35) and 71.57 (36) mg/kg, P content varied between 33.93 (47) and 98.66 (30) mg/kg, and S content varied between 103.59 (47) and 149.92 (30) mg/kg dry weight. Total phenolic content (TPC) varied between 97.85 (115) and 165.34 (49) mg GAE g<sup>− 1</sup> FW (milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram of fresh weight), total flavonoid content (TFC) varied between 26.95 (53) and 49.60 (102) mg QE g<sup>− 1</sup> FW (milligrams of quercetin equivalent per gram of fresh weight), and antioxidant activity (AA) varied between 33.00% (67) and 59.50% (11–103),indicating considerable variation in bioactive compounds among genotypes and cultivars. In the principal component analysis (PCA), six principal components with eigenvalues ≥ 1.00 were identified, and the first three principal components explained 50.35% of the total variation. PCA and hierarchical clustering analyses have shown that genotypes/cultivars are clearly separated according to morphometric, biochemical characteristics, and mineral element content, and that these characteristics are effective tools in identifying genetic resources. The data obtained show that wild pear leaves have the potential to be used as a natural raw material in the food supplement, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, and can be evaluated as a genetic resource in breeding programs.</p>

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Morphometric, biochemical, and mineral elements richness in the leaves of two pear species (Pyrus elaeagnifolia and Pyrus communis)

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Aydın Uzun,
  • Ahmet Sümbül,
  • Mehmet Yaman,
  • Ercan Yıldız,
  • Hasan Talha Ünsal,
  • Yusuf Murat Keçe,
  • Adem Güneş,
  • Kadir Uğurtan Yılmaz,
  • Ramazan Bıçar,
  • Merve İnanç,
  • Yazgan Tunç,
  • Ali Khadivi

摘要

This study was conducted to determine the morphometric characteristics, mineral composition, and bioactive compound richness of the leaves of wild pear (Pyrus elaeagnifolia) genotypes naturally occurring in the Central Anatolia region and of commonly cultivated pear (Pyrus communis L.) varieties. To the best of our knowledge, the biochemical and mineral composition of the leaves of P. elaeagnifolia, a species endemic to Anatolia, has not been fully characterized. The study findings revealed significant genotypic variation in all measured characters. Petiole length varied between 3.38 (104) and 39.30 mm (Deveci), petiole thickness varied between 0.65 (27) and 1.93 mm (44), leaf width varied between 7.85 (27) and 30.65 mm (30), and leaf length varied between 24.98 (27) and 68.71 mm (104). Based on the mineral element content of the leaves, calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were identified as the dominant elements. In terms of mineral element content, P. elaeagnifolia was richer than P. communis. In leaves, Ca content varied between 96.37 (40) and 309.17 (58) mg/kg, K content varied between 47.18 (35) and 71.57 (36) mg/kg, P content varied between 33.93 (47) and 98.66 (30) mg/kg, and S content varied between 103.59 (47) and 149.92 (30) mg/kg dry weight. Total phenolic content (TPC) varied between 97.85 (115) and 165.34 (49) mg GAE g− 1 FW (milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram of fresh weight), total flavonoid content (TFC) varied between 26.95 (53) and 49.60 (102) mg QE g− 1 FW (milligrams of quercetin equivalent per gram of fresh weight), and antioxidant activity (AA) varied between 33.00% (67) and 59.50% (11–103),indicating considerable variation in bioactive compounds among genotypes and cultivars. In the principal component analysis (PCA), six principal components with eigenvalues ≥ 1.00 were identified, and the first three principal components explained 50.35% of the total variation. PCA and hierarchical clustering analyses have shown that genotypes/cultivars are clearly separated according to morphometric, biochemical characteristics, and mineral element content, and that these characteristics are effective tools in identifying genetic resources. The data obtained show that wild pear leaves have the potential to be used as a natural raw material in the food supplement, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, and can be evaluated as a genetic resource in breeding programs.