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<p>Humic acid (HA) is known to improve phosphorus (P) availability in agricultural soils. Yet, the underlying mechanisms by which it influences the microbial community and subsequent P turnover remain unclear. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted using soil from a three-year <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> (<i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>) cultivation system, in which the soil was amended with three HA concentrations (T1: 100-fold dilution, T2: 200-fold, T3: 400-fold) alongside an untreated control (CK). We determined P uptake by <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>, soil P fractions, phosphatase activities, along with high-throughput sequencing of the microbial communities to specifically target those associated with P transformation. The results showed that HA application significantly enhanced root P uptake, with increases of 68.59% and 91.05% under T2 and T3, respectively. Consequently, soil Olsen-P content decreased by 19.19% and 15.20%, respectively, consistent with the depletion of available P under enhanced plant uptake. Soil P fractionation further revealed that HA application decreased inorganic P by 20.91% and 32.29%, respectively, under T2 and T3 treatments. Specifically, H<sub>2</sub>O-P decreased by 62.1% and 73.61%, and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Pi decreased by 53.21% and 50.48%, respectively, under the T2 and T3 treatments. In parallel, acid phosphatase activity was increased by 68.72% and 66.67% under the T2 and T3 treatments compared to CK. Comparative high-throughput sequencing between T2 and CK revealed that HA application enriched key microbial genera associated with P cycling, including <i>Sphingomonas</i>, <i>Nitrospira</i>, <i>Ferruginibacter</i>, and <i>Hyphomicrobium</i>. Collectively, these findings suggest that HA may promote P mobilization and mineralization through association with microbial communities, thereby potentially enhancing P bioavailability and plant uptake. These findings offer new perspectives on the associations between HA application, microbial community shifts, and P use efficiency, suggesting a potential approach that merits further evaluation for P management in agricultural systems.</p>

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Enhanced phosphorus availability and uptake in Salvia miltiorrhiza associated with humic-induced changes in soil phosphorus fractions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Xue Mi,
  • Xinmeng Yang,
  • Yue Li,
  • Xinjun Wang,
  • Yongping Zhao,
  • Aigen Fu,
  • Zhe Wang

摘要

Humic acid (HA) is known to improve phosphorus (P) availability in agricultural soils. Yet, the underlying mechanisms by which it influences the microbial community and subsequent P turnover remain unclear. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted using soil from a three-year Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) cultivation system, in which the soil was amended with three HA concentrations (T1: 100-fold dilution, T2: 200-fold, T3: 400-fold) alongside an untreated control (CK). We determined P uptake by S. miltiorrhiza, soil P fractions, phosphatase activities, along with high-throughput sequencing of the microbial communities to specifically target those associated with P transformation. The results showed that HA application significantly enhanced root P uptake, with increases of 68.59% and 91.05% under T2 and T3, respectively. Consequently, soil Olsen-P content decreased by 19.19% and 15.20%, respectively, consistent with the depletion of available P under enhanced plant uptake. Soil P fractionation further revealed that HA application decreased inorganic P by 20.91% and 32.29%, respectively, under T2 and T3 treatments. Specifically, H2O-P decreased by 62.1% and 73.61%, and NaHCO3-Pi decreased by 53.21% and 50.48%, respectively, under the T2 and T3 treatments. In parallel, acid phosphatase activity was increased by 68.72% and 66.67% under the T2 and T3 treatments compared to CK. Comparative high-throughput sequencing between T2 and CK revealed that HA application enriched key microbial genera associated with P cycling, including Sphingomonas, Nitrospira, Ferruginibacter, and Hyphomicrobium. Collectively, these findings suggest that HA may promote P mobilization and mineralization through association with microbial communities, thereby potentially enhancing P bioavailability and plant uptake. These findings offer new perspectives on the associations between HA application, microbial community shifts, and P use efficiency, suggesting a potential approach that merits further evaluation for P management in agricultural systems.