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<p>This study reports the fabrication of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene nanosheets by selectively etching the aluminium layer from the Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase using hydrofluoric (HF) acid with varying durations of etching. The research investigates how etching time influence the morphology, structural properties, and electrochemical behaviour. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that MXene retains a single-phase structure and highlights d-spacing changes from ion intercalation. Raman spectroscopy identifies characteristic Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>&#xa0;vibrational modes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images reveal a layered configuration, highlighting the presence of delamination and the emergence of holes. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis shows the sample etched for 90&#xa0;h achieves the highest specific surface area of 10.98 m<sup>2</sup>/g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the 90-hour etched MXene reveals the presence of surface terminations. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to evaluate the electrochemical performance. The Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> sample, etched for 90&#xa0;h, demonstrates an impressive specific capacitance of 114&#xa0;F/g (5 mV/s) from CV and 127&#xa0;F/g (1&#xa0;A/g) from GCD. A fabricated symmetric supercapacitor device shows a capacitance of 34.14&#xa0;F/g at 5 mV/s (CV) and 30.04&#xa0;F/g at 1.0&#xa0;A/g (GCD) with an energy density of 33.38 Wh/kg and a power density of 2000&#xa0;W/kg, and maintains 71% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles.</p>

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Role of etching-chemistry and surface terminations on electrochemical performance and charge storage mechanism of Ti3C2Tx MXene for supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Nitin Kumar Gautam,
  • Manas Nasit,
  • Shruti Lavania,
  • Mrinalini Sharma,
  • Sachin,
  • Saurabh Dalela,
  • P. A. Alvi,
  • Aditya Sharma,
  • Ranjeet Kumar Brajpuriya,
  • Shalendra Kumar

摘要

This study reports the fabrication of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets by selectively etching the aluminium layer from the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase using hydrofluoric (HF) acid with varying durations of etching. The research investigates how etching time influence the morphology, structural properties, and electrochemical behaviour. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that MXene retains a single-phase structure and highlights d-spacing changes from ion intercalation. Raman spectroscopy identifies characteristic Ti3C2Tx vibrational modes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images reveal a layered configuration, highlighting the presence of delamination and the emergence of holes. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis shows the sample etched for 90 h achieves the highest specific surface area of 10.98 m2/g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the 90-hour etched MXene reveals the presence of surface terminations. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to evaluate the electrochemical performance. The Ti3C2 sample, etched for 90 h, demonstrates an impressive specific capacitance of 114 F/g (5 mV/s) from CV and 127 F/g (1 A/g) from GCD. A fabricated symmetric supercapacitor device shows a capacitance of 34.14 F/g at 5 mV/s (CV) and 30.04 F/g at 1.0 A/g (GCD) with an energy density of 33.38 Wh/kg and a power density of 2000 W/kg, and maintains 71% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles.