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<p>Aflatoxins (AFB) are adventitious plant toxins that act as immunosuppressants. Experimental Nile tilapia were divided into eight groups: AFB0 (control, uncontaminated diet), AFB50 (50 ppbAFB<sub>1</sub>), AFB100 (100 ppbAFB<sub>1</sub>), AFB150 (150 ppbAFB<sub>1</sub>), AFB0 + Sil (0 ppbAFB<sub>1</sub>+Sil), AFB50 + Sil (50 ppbAFB<sub>1</sub>+Sil), AFB100 + Sil (100 ppbAFB<sub>1</sub>+Sil), and AFB150 + Sil (150 ppbAFB<sub>1</sub>+Sil). The AFB<sub>1</sub>-residues in fish liver (AFB0, AFB50, AFB100, and AFB150) were 0.34, 0.54, and 0.82 ppb, respectively, while traces were recorded in muscles. Sil-supplemented fish had lower residues than other contaminated groups, which were still higher than AFB0. The gene expression of <i>GPx</i>,<i> SOD</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>TNF-α</i> was significantly and linearly decreased with increasing aflatoxin levels, whereas Sil-supplementation (AFB50 + Sil) resulted in a high and significant increase of 3.86, 5.37, and 7.85 fold-change, respectively, compared with the fish groups and the control. While, CAT expression increased in response to a low aflatoxin level (AFB50; 2.17-fold-change), it decreased linearly with increasing aflatoxin level. Moreover, <i>IL-10</i> expression was significantly higher in fish of AFB100 and AFB150, with 8.7- and 8.85-fold changes, respectively, compared to the control. Significant declines in immunoglobulin <i>(Ig)M-2</i> and insulin-like growth factor <i>(IGF)</i> gene expression were observed in fish receiving AFB<sub>1</sub>-contaminated diets and Sil could enhance the expression. Innate immunity of the experimental fish was assessed by measuring the following parameters; serum antibacterial activity (SAB), oxidative burst activity (OBA), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and lysozyme (LYZ) as well as by challenge with <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>. Nile tilapia fed AFB<sub>1</sub>-contaminated diets showed immune-antioxidant suppressive status, indicating compromised health and a lowered survival rate (SR%) during bacterial challenge and antibiotic treatment Sil-supplementation could improve SR%.</p>

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Silymarin conserves the efficacy of quinolone and sulfonamide in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to aflatoxicosis and Streptococcus agalactiae infection

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Nourhan A. Haggag,
  • Mohamed Elbadawy,
  • Ashraf ElKomy,
  • Ahmed H. Sherif

摘要

Aflatoxins (AFB) are adventitious plant toxins that act as immunosuppressants. Experimental Nile tilapia were divided into eight groups: AFB0 (control, uncontaminated diet), AFB50 (50 ppbAFB1), AFB100 (100 ppbAFB1), AFB150 (150 ppbAFB1), AFB0 + Sil (0 ppbAFB1+Sil), AFB50 + Sil (50 ppbAFB1+Sil), AFB100 + Sil (100 ppbAFB1+Sil), and AFB150 + Sil (150 ppbAFB1+Sil). The AFB1-residues in fish liver (AFB0, AFB50, AFB100, and AFB150) were 0.34, 0.54, and 0.82 ppb, respectively, while traces were recorded in muscles. Sil-supplemented fish had lower residues than other contaminated groups, which were still higher than AFB0. The gene expression of GPx, SOD, IL-1β, and TNF-α was significantly and linearly decreased with increasing aflatoxin levels, whereas Sil-supplementation (AFB50 + Sil) resulted in a high and significant increase of 3.86, 5.37, and 7.85 fold-change, respectively, compared with the fish groups and the control. While, CAT expression increased in response to a low aflatoxin level (AFB50; 2.17-fold-change), it decreased linearly with increasing aflatoxin level. Moreover, IL-10 expression was significantly higher in fish of AFB100 and AFB150, with 8.7- and 8.85-fold changes, respectively, compared to the control. Significant declines in immunoglobulin (Ig)M-2 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression were observed in fish receiving AFB1-contaminated diets and Sil could enhance the expression. Innate immunity of the experimental fish was assessed by measuring the following parameters; serum antibacterial activity (SAB), oxidative burst activity (OBA), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and lysozyme (LYZ) as well as by challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae. Nile tilapia fed AFB1-contaminated diets showed immune-antioxidant suppressive status, indicating compromised health and a lowered survival rate (SR%) during bacterial challenge and antibiotic treatment Sil-supplementation could improve SR%.