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<p>Recent energy router (ER) research has primarily focused on high-voltage DC systems and regional microgrid clusters, enabling energy exchange among large-scale photovoltaics (PV), energy storage systems (ESS), and grid infrastructures; however, compact low-voltage (LV) ERs for in-building DC distribution remain underexplored despite the need for fine-grained power control and integration of localized resources. This paper proposes a modular multi-port ER tailored for building-level DC nanogrids, where distributed PV, ESS, and diverse DC loads are coordinated under real-time control within installation-space constraints. The proposed ER employs a USB-C power delivery (PD) interface, enabling simultaneous transmission of over 200&#xa0;W power and 10 Gbps data through a single cable, while achieving over 98% conversion efficiency and supporting autonomous bidirectional power flow with integrated protection and battery management. A 50&#xa0;kW nanogrid living lab comprising 255 nodes, including 51 hardware ER units and 204 software-defined nodes, was developed for validation. Experimental results under realistic conditions—including renewable intermittency, islanded operation, dynamic load variation, and plug-and-play events—demonstrate stable operation and effective energy coordination, highlighting the feasibility of LVDC ER-based nanogrids as a scalable solution for future building energy systems.</p>

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Development of an energy router for DC nanogrid-based building applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Geonhee Lee,
  • Seungho Choi,
  • Sangyoung Park,
  • Junhee Hong,
  • Jehyuk Won

摘要

Recent energy router (ER) research has primarily focused on high-voltage DC systems and regional microgrid clusters, enabling energy exchange among large-scale photovoltaics (PV), energy storage systems (ESS), and grid infrastructures; however, compact low-voltage (LV) ERs for in-building DC distribution remain underexplored despite the need for fine-grained power control and integration of localized resources. This paper proposes a modular multi-port ER tailored for building-level DC nanogrids, where distributed PV, ESS, and diverse DC loads are coordinated under real-time control within installation-space constraints. The proposed ER employs a USB-C power delivery (PD) interface, enabling simultaneous transmission of over 200 W power and 10 Gbps data through a single cable, while achieving over 98% conversion efficiency and supporting autonomous bidirectional power flow with integrated protection and battery management. A 50 kW nanogrid living lab comprising 255 nodes, including 51 hardware ER units and 204 software-defined nodes, was developed for validation. Experimental results under realistic conditions—including renewable intermittency, islanded operation, dynamic load variation, and plug-and-play events—demonstrate stable operation and effective energy coordination, highlighting the feasibility of LVDC ER-based nanogrids as a scalable solution for future building energy systems.