<p>This study examines the performance of public and private construction projects in Uganda, focusing on the effect of Project Delivery Methods (PDMs) and the moderating effect of regulatory frameworks. Guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV), the research investigates three questions: (1) How does the performance of public and private construction projects in Uganda compare? (2) What is the effect of PDMs on the performance of public and private construction projects in Uganda? (3) How does the regulatory framework moderate the effect of PDMs on the performance of public and private construction projects in Uganda? A mixed-methods design was adopted, combining quantitative data collected through structured questionnaires from 170 construction professionals and qualitative insights from key informant interviews with regulatory and professional bodies. Secondary data from project reports and government audits complemented the primary data. Quantitative analysis involved descriptive statistics to compare sectoral performance, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the effects of PDMs, and Hayes’ PROCESS macro for moderation analysis. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed to contextualize quantitative findings. Results indicate that private projects outperform public projects in cost control and time efficiency, while public projects excel in quality, safety, and risk mitigation. PDMs significantly influence project performance in both sectors, with regulatory frameworks amplifying these effects in public projects but not in private projects. The study contributes theoretically by extending RBV to include regulatory moderation, empirically by providing context-specific insights from Uganda, and practically by informing sector-sensitive PDM selection and regulatory oversight. These findings offer policymakers and practitioners guidance for optimizing construction project performance through aligned delivery methods and governance strategies.</p>