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<p>Meiosis typically generates genetic diversity but can be disrupted, leading to alternative reproductive modes such as hybridogenesis. Interspecific hybridization is often associated with such transitions, yet the underlying mechanisms in vertebrate systems remain poorly understood. We investigated this process by crossing <i>Pelophylax ridibundus</i> and <i>P. lessonae</i>, producing hybrid <i>P. esculentus</i>. Using low-coverage genome sequencing and repeat analysis, we developed a novel minisatellite marker (<i>PlesSat01-48</i>) specific to the <i>P. lessonae</i> genome and combined it with the previously described <i>RrS1</i> marker of <i>P. ridibundus</i> to cytogenetically track both parental genomes. Fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridization revealed that newly formed <i>P. esculentus</i> hybrids undergo rapid modifications of gametogenesis. These include chromosome misalignment, lagging chromosomes, and micronucleus formation leading to premeiotic genome elimination of the <i>P. lessonae</i> genome, while the remaining genome is clonally propagated. This process establishes hemiclonal reproduction via hybridogenesis. Our findings support the recurrent origin of <i>P. esculentus</i> and provide direct cytogenetic insight into the evolution of hybridogenetic reproduction in water frogs.</p>

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From hybrid to hemiclone: the genetic basis and evolutionary significance of clonal reproduction in Pelophylax esculentus

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Choleva Lukáš,
  • Doležálková-Kaštánková Marie,
  • Labajová Veronika,
  • Sember Alexandr,
  • Altmanová Marie,
  • Lukšíková Karolína,
  • Chung Voleníková Anna,
  • Dalíková Martina,
  • Nguyen Petr,
  • Pustovalova Eleonora,
  • Fedorova Anna,
  • Plötner Jörg,
  • Dmitrij Dedukh

摘要

Meiosis typically generates genetic diversity but can be disrupted, leading to alternative reproductive modes such as hybridogenesis. Interspecific hybridization is often associated with such transitions, yet the underlying mechanisms in vertebrate systems remain poorly understood. We investigated this process by crossing Pelophylax ridibundus and P. lessonae, producing hybrid P. esculentus. Using low-coverage genome sequencing and repeat analysis, we developed a novel minisatellite marker (PlesSat01-48) specific to the P. lessonae genome and combined it with the previously described RrS1 marker of P. ridibundus to cytogenetically track both parental genomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that newly formed P. esculentus hybrids undergo rapid modifications of gametogenesis. These include chromosome misalignment, lagging chromosomes, and micronucleus formation leading to premeiotic genome elimination of the P. lessonae genome, while the remaining genome is clonally propagated. This process establishes hemiclonal reproduction via hybridogenesis. Our findings support the recurrent origin of P. esculentus and provide direct cytogenetic insight into the evolution of hybridogenetic reproduction in water frogs.