<p>Cervical cancer is a significant health concern worldwide, and early detection through screening and vaccination can significantly reduce its burden. This study investigated the factors influencing cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination among doctors in Punjab, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey among 616 female doctors in Punjab, India. The survey assessed doctors’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, as well as their Barriers and influences. The data were analysed using the chi-square test, multivariable binary logistic regression, and the Kruskal–Wallis Test. The study found varying levels of knowledge among different cadres of doctors, with gynaecologists exhibiting higher comprehensive knowledge scores than non-clinician doctors. Attitudes towards cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination differed significantly among the surveyed doctors, with non-clinician doctors showing more positive attitudes compared to gynaecologists. Doctors’ professional cadre, age, marital status, practising area, length of practice, and parity were significantly associated with getting screened for cervical cancer. HPV vaccination was associated with doctors’ professional cadre, religion, current practice area, and sexual activity status. The study highlights the importance of targeted interventions and awareness campaigns tailored to different healthcare provider groups, particularly gynaecologists and older doctors, to improve cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination rates. The study also emphasises the need for tailored educational programs to enhance awareness among all medical professionals, especially non-clinician doctors, to bridge knowledge gaps.</p>