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<p>Extra-heavy oil is an important strategic energy resource, but its ultra-high viscosity severely limits efficient production. Conventional thermal recovery and chemical flooding are often associated with high energy consumption, environmental concerns, and limited reservoir adaptability. In this study, an intelligent responsive magnetic Janus nanocatalyst (IRMJN) was developed and coupled with microwave irradiation to enable low-energy and controllable in situ upgrading and oil mobilization. IRMJN features a spatially separated multifunctional architecture, in which Fe₃O₄ serves as the magnetic core for rapid recovery, MoS₂ nanosheets are selectively anchored on one side as catalytic active sites, and graphene quantum dots enhance microwave absorption to generate a synergistic nanoscale hotspot effect. Long-chain alkyl groups grafted onto the magnetic side further impart interfacial orientation capability. Under optimized conditions, the IRMJN-microwave system reduced the viscosity of extra-heavy oil by more than 95% at a bulk temperature of 100&#xa0;°C, clearly outperforming microwave treatment alone and conventional catalytic systems. Core flooding tests showed an additional oil recovery of more than 18.5% after water flooding. The catalyst also exhibited excellent magnetic recoverability and cycling stability. These results provide a promising strategy for the green and efficient development of extra-heavy oil resources.</p>

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Study on microwave-assisted synthesis of smart responsive magnetic Janus nanocatalysts for enhanced recovery of extra-heavy oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Rui Zhao,
  • Desheng Zhou,
  • Wenpei Xu,
  • Yanjun Zhang

摘要

Extra-heavy oil is an important strategic energy resource, but its ultra-high viscosity severely limits efficient production. Conventional thermal recovery and chemical flooding are often associated with high energy consumption, environmental concerns, and limited reservoir adaptability. In this study, an intelligent responsive magnetic Janus nanocatalyst (IRMJN) was developed and coupled with microwave irradiation to enable low-energy and controllable in situ upgrading and oil mobilization. IRMJN features a spatially separated multifunctional architecture, in which Fe₃O₄ serves as the magnetic core for rapid recovery, MoS₂ nanosheets are selectively anchored on one side as catalytic active sites, and graphene quantum dots enhance microwave absorption to generate a synergistic nanoscale hotspot effect. Long-chain alkyl groups grafted onto the magnetic side further impart interfacial orientation capability. Under optimized conditions, the IRMJN-microwave system reduced the viscosity of extra-heavy oil by more than 95% at a bulk temperature of 100 °C, clearly outperforming microwave treatment alone and conventional catalytic systems. Core flooding tests showed an additional oil recovery of more than 18.5% after water flooding. The catalyst also exhibited excellent magnetic recoverability and cycling stability. These results provide a promising strategy for the green and efficient development of extra-heavy oil resources.