<p>This study examines the factors influencing supply chain performance in the processed fruit and vegetable sector in Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K), a region still underrepresented in empirical supply chain research due to its limited geographic area and high perishability. Based on the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study evaluates how supply chain performance is affected by logistics, procurement, responsiveness, integration, flexibility, information technology, and communication. Sustainable supply chain practices are tested as a mediating mechanism. A structured questionnaire collected primary data from 146 fruit and vegetable processing enterprises. Data were gathered from fruit and vegetable processing units, including respondents such as managers, middle-level employees, and other staff members. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) analysed the proposed relationships. The results show that all examined enablers have a significant and positive impact on supply chain performance, with sustainable practices partially mediating these relationships, emphasising their crucial role in improving operational outcomes. The novelty of this research lies in its context-specific empirical modeling of supply chain performance in a fragile, horticulture-dominated region, addressing a notable gap in the agri-food supply chain literature. The findings provide practical insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders by highlighting strategic levers to enhance resilience, sustainability, and competitiveness in perishable agri-food supply chains facing geographic and infrastructural challenges.</p>