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<p>A single bacterial strain, IBL03679<sup>T</sup>, from forest soil in Maryland, USA in 2009 was originally identified as belonging to the <i>Bacillus cereus senso lato</i> group through multi-locus sequence analysis. Here, further identification efforts with genomic and phenotypic methods demonstrate that this strain belongs to a new species. Phylogenetic analysis using whole-genome sequencing suggested the most closely related species is <i>Bacillus proteolyticus</i>. ANIb and dDDH values confirmed species differentiation with values below conventional 95–96% and 70% thresholds, respectively. Genomic comparisons with five other <i>Bacillus</i> strains with the same sequence type also group into the proposed species nov. It is a gram-stain positive, facultative anaerobe, endospore and parasporal crystal forming rod-shaped bacterium. Physiological characteristics, such as casein hydrolysis and lecithinase production, and major fatty acids identified (C<sub>16:0</sub>, iso-C<sub>15:0</sub>, and iso-C<sub>17:0</sub>), support affiliation with other <i>Bacillus</i> species. The polar lipid profile was primarily diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylglyercol (PG); the peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm – direct (A31); and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. Biochemical testing revealed distinguishing test results for strain IBL03679<sup>T</sup> through inability to metabolize D-cellobiose and D-saccharose, and utilization of potassium gluconate. Collectively, the genotypic and phenotypic data demonstrate that IBL03679<sup>T</sup> belongs to a novel species. We propose the name <i>Bacillus silvicola</i> sp. nov. for this taxon with the type strain IBL03679<sup>T</sup> (= NRRL B-65743<sup>T</sup>, = CCUG 78293<sup>T</sup>).</p>

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Bacillus silvicola sp. nov., a new species within the Bacillus cereus group isolated from hardwood forest soil in Maryland, USA

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Holly P. Bartholomew,
  • Michael E. Sparks,
  • Daniel Kuhar,
  • Ashaki Mitchell,
  • Robert R. Farrar Jr.,
  • Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal,
  • Michael B. Blackburn

摘要

A single bacterial strain, IBL03679T, from forest soil in Maryland, USA in 2009 was originally identified as belonging to the Bacillus cereus senso lato group through multi-locus sequence analysis. Here, further identification efforts with genomic and phenotypic methods demonstrate that this strain belongs to a new species. Phylogenetic analysis using whole-genome sequencing suggested the most closely related species is Bacillus proteolyticus. ANIb and dDDH values confirmed species differentiation with values below conventional 95–96% and 70% thresholds, respectively. Genomic comparisons with five other Bacillus strains with the same sequence type also group into the proposed species nov. It is a gram-stain positive, facultative anaerobe, endospore and parasporal crystal forming rod-shaped bacterium. Physiological characteristics, such as casein hydrolysis and lecithinase production, and major fatty acids identified (C16:0, iso-C15:0, and iso-C17:0), support affiliation with other Bacillus species. The polar lipid profile was primarily diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylglyercol (PG); the peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm – direct (A31); and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. Biochemical testing revealed distinguishing test results for strain IBL03679T through inability to metabolize D-cellobiose and D-saccharose, and utilization of potassium gluconate. Collectively, the genotypic and phenotypic data demonstrate that IBL03679T belongs to a novel species. We propose the name Bacillus silvicola sp. nov. for this taxon with the type strain IBL03679T (= NRRL B-65743T, = CCUG 78293T).