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<p>River systems characterized by strong groundwater–surface water interaction exhibit complex hydrodynamic responses under hydroclimatic extremes. This study investigates how infiltration-dominated river reaches modulate flow persistence during drought and floodplain activation during extreme rainfall. A two-dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model was implemented for a 20.35 km reach of the Gallinas River (Mexico) using high-resolution UAV-derived bathymetry and field-based discharge measurements. The model was calibrated and independently validated prior to simulating a 25-year return period flood (peak discharge = 1231.8<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {m}^{3}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {s}^{-1}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>) and a drought scenario constrained by an environmental-flow threshold (4.1<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {m}^{3}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {s}^{-1}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>). Results reveal the emergence of hydrodynamic thresholds driven by cumulative reach-scale losses (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim {3.1}\hbox {m}^{3}\hbox {s}^{-1}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>), producing nonlinear downstream discharge decay under low-flow conditions and requiring a minimum upstream inflow of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\({7.2}\hbox {m}^{3}\hbox {s}^{-1}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> to maintain ecological continuity. Under flood forcing, inundation patterns are primarily controlled by channel geometry and longitudinal slope reduction rather than discharge magnitude alone. These findings demonstrate that infiltration-influenced rivers exhibit dual hydrodynamic controls under contrasting extremes and highlight the importance of explicitly representing cumulative exchange processes in two-dimensional modeling frameworks. The study provides transferable insights for assessing drought resilience and flood risk in permeable or groundwater-connected river systems facing increasing hydroclimatic variability.</p>

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Numerical modeling to assess the hydrodynamic behavior of the Gallinas River in San Luis Potosí under atypical hydrometeorological conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Clemente Rodríguez-Cuevas,
  • José-Guadalupe Alejandrez-Palacios,
  • Carlos Couder-Castañeda,
  • Jhonathan-Fernando Eulopa-Hernandez,
  • Alfredo Trujillo-Alcantara

摘要

River systems characterized by strong groundwater–surface water interaction exhibit complex hydrodynamic responses under hydroclimatic extremes. This study investigates how infiltration-dominated river reaches modulate flow persistence during drought and floodplain activation during extreme rainfall. A two-dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model was implemented for a 20.35 km reach of the Gallinas River (Mexico) using high-resolution UAV-derived bathymetry and field-based discharge measurements. The model was calibrated and independently validated prior to simulating a 25-year return period flood (peak discharge = 1231.8\(\hbox {m}^{3}\) \(\hbox {s}^{-1}\)) and a drought scenario constrained by an environmental-flow threshold (4.1\(\hbox {m}^{3}\) \(\hbox {s}^{-1}\)). Results reveal the emergence of hydrodynamic thresholds driven by cumulative reach-scale losses (\(\sim {3.1}\hbox {m}^{3}\hbox {s}^{-1}\)), producing nonlinear downstream discharge decay under low-flow conditions and requiring a minimum upstream inflow of \({7.2}\hbox {m}^{3}\hbox {s}^{-1}\) to maintain ecological continuity. Under flood forcing, inundation patterns are primarily controlled by channel geometry and longitudinal slope reduction rather than discharge magnitude alone. These findings demonstrate that infiltration-influenced rivers exhibit dual hydrodynamic controls under contrasting extremes and highlight the importance of explicitly representing cumulative exchange processes in two-dimensional modeling frameworks. The study provides transferable insights for assessing drought resilience and flood risk in permeable or groundwater-connected river systems facing increasing hydroclimatic variability.