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<p>Predicting blast-induced ground vibration (BIGV) in surface mining is crucial for ensuring environmental safety. Conventional empirical models often require risky and costly site-specific trial blasts. This study intends to develop a pre-blast assessment framework by correlating laboratory-derived acoustic properties with field-monitored vibration data from a limestone mine. The methodology integrates comprehensive geomechanical and non-destructive Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing to characterise the dynamic response of the rock mass. Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and frequency are monitored for multiple production blasts. The laboratory UPV tests provided key insights into the material’s dynamic response, which were validated by fundamental wave-mechanical relationships. Results confirmed a strong linear correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.82) between specimen length and particle displacement, supporting the theoretical strain-kinematic relationship, while wave propagation behaviour was analysed using power-law relationships to describe geometric spreading and material attenuation. The derived attenuation coefficient of 0.675 is lower than the empirical decay exponent of 1.46 (derived from the USBM model), indicating a relatively conservative representation of vibration attenuation. Model performance was evaluated using statistical metrics, showing comparable predictive capability to the USBM model in terms of R², RMSE, and MAE, with improved representation of material-specific attenuation behaviour. The proposed framework integrates geomechanical principles with mathematical modelling to develop a physically informed alternative to purely empirical approaches. This hybrid BIGV prediction method can be applied at the pre-blast planning stage, thereby improving prediction reliability and supporting safer, more efficient mining operations.</p>

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Pre-blast prediction of ground vibration in surface mining using rock acoustic impedance and wave attenuation calibrated with in-situ measurements

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Rajeev Verma,
  • Bhanwar Singh Choudhary,
  • Geleta Warkisa Deressa,
  • Dimitrii Gromyka,
  • Alexander Shikhov,
  • Khushboo Kaushal

摘要

Predicting blast-induced ground vibration (BIGV) in surface mining is crucial for ensuring environmental safety. Conventional empirical models often require risky and costly site-specific trial blasts. This study intends to develop a pre-blast assessment framework by correlating laboratory-derived acoustic properties with field-monitored vibration data from a limestone mine. The methodology integrates comprehensive geomechanical and non-destructive Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing to characterise the dynamic response of the rock mass. Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and frequency are monitored for multiple production blasts. The laboratory UPV tests provided key insights into the material’s dynamic response, which were validated by fundamental wave-mechanical relationships. Results confirmed a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.82) between specimen length and particle displacement, supporting the theoretical strain-kinematic relationship, while wave propagation behaviour was analysed using power-law relationships to describe geometric spreading and material attenuation. The derived attenuation coefficient of 0.675 is lower than the empirical decay exponent of 1.46 (derived from the USBM model), indicating a relatively conservative representation of vibration attenuation. Model performance was evaluated using statistical metrics, showing comparable predictive capability to the USBM model in terms of R², RMSE, and MAE, with improved representation of material-specific attenuation behaviour. The proposed framework integrates geomechanical principles with mathematical modelling to develop a physically informed alternative to purely empirical approaches. This hybrid BIGV prediction method can be applied at the pre-blast planning stage, thereby improving prediction reliability and supporting safer, more efficient mining operations.