<p>Nursing research plays an important role in advancing nursing science and improving the quality of care. This cross-sectional study surveyed 512 registered nurses (RNs) in Zhejiang Province, China, to collect their sociodemographic data and examine their research attitudes, capability, and output. Research capability was assessed using the Self-Evaluated Nursing Research Capacity Questionnaire, and research output was defined as publications or patents within the past five years. The results showed that while 86.7% of RNs recognized the importance of research and 62.1% were willing to participate, their median research capability score was 45 out of 120, and the majority (60.7%) had no research output in the past five years. Only 15.8% of RNs were currently involved in or preparing for research. Promotion was the primary motivation for research, whereas lack of knowledge and skills was the main barrier. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher education level, longer work experience, advanced professional titles, and stronger research capability were significantly associated with greater research output. Due to convenience sampling and the geographic limitation of a developed region of eastern China, the generalizability of these findings warrants caution. Overall, RNs in Zhejiang demonstrated strong interest in research, but their capability and output remain limited. To enhance nurses’ participation and contribution to research, hospital managers should create a supportive environment by providing systematic research training, opportunities for further education, and access to necessary resources, particularly for those with less experience and lower professional titles.</p>