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<p>Submarine mass failures (SMF) represent a potential tsunami source for densely populated coastal areas such as the Bay of Naples (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). This study applies a three-dimensional numerical modeling framework, combining GEOWAVE/TOPICS and FUNWAVE, to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and nearshore impact associated with two geomorphologically plausible submarine landslides located at the Dohrn Canyon head and along the Ischia Bank slope. A third configuration considers their combined activation within a deterministic scenario-based approach. The simulations highlight the rapidity of near-field tsunami impact, with waves reaching all monitoring stations (Pozzuoli, Procida, Ischia, Napoli, Sorrento, and Capri) within a few minutes from slide initiation (e.g., arrival times as short as 201&#xa0;s). The spatial distribution of maximum wave amplitude (MWA) shows significant variability, reflecting the influence of source location, bathymetry, and coastal morphology. In addition to MWA, a cumulative energy indicator (E<sub>tot</sub>), obtained by integrating the squared free-surface elevation over time, was evaluated at each virtual gauge. The results indicate that MWA and cumulative energy do not scale linearly. For example, in the combined multi-source scenario, a relatively high MWA of 4.15&#xa0;m at Ischia (IS) corresponds to a cumulative energy lower than that recorded at other stations characterized by smaller peak amplitudes. This behavior reflects the influence of wave-train duration, local bathymetric effects, and source orientation on energy redistribution. The findings suggest that, while MWA remains the primary parameter for hazard-oriented assessments, cumulative energy provides complementary information on the temporal persistence and overall hydraulic loading of tsunami signals in complex coastal environments.</p>

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Energy based assessment of submarine landslide tsunamis in the Bay of Naples southern Tyrrhenian Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • V. Di Fiore,
  • M. Punzo,
  • G. Cavuoto,
  • D. Tarallo

摘要

Submarine mass failures (SMF) represent a potential tsunami source for densely populated coastal areas such as the Bay of Naples (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). This study applies a three-dimensional numerical modeling framework, combining GEOWAVE/TOPICS and FUNWAVE, to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and nearshore impact associated with two geomorphologically plausible submarine landslides located at the Dohrn Canyon head and along the Ischia Bank slope. A third configuration considers their combined activation within a deterministic scenario-based approach. The simulations highlight the rapidity of near-field tsunami impact, with waves reaching all monitoring stations (Pozzuoli, Procida, Ischia, Napoli, Sorrento, and Capri) within a few minutes from slide initiation (e.g., arrival times as short as 201 s). The spatial distribution of maximum wave amplitude (MWA) shows significant variability, reflecting the influence of source location, bathymetry, and coastal morphology. In addition to MWA, a cumulative energy indicator (Etot), obtained by integrating the squared free-surface elevation over time, was evaluated at each virtual gauge. The results indicate that MWA and cumulative energy do not scale linearly. For example, in the combined multi-source scenario, a relatively high MWA of 4.15 m at Ischia (IS) corresponds to a cumulative energy lower than that recorded at other stations characterized by smaller peak amplitudes. This behavior reflects the influence of wave-train duration, local bathymetric effects, and source orientation on energy redistribution. The findings suggest that, while MWA remains the primary parameter for hazard-oriented assessments, cumulative energy provides complementary information on the temporal persistence and overall hydraulic loading of tsunami signals in complex coastal environments.