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<p>The retinal microvasculature is one of the few sites where the microcirculation can be directly and non-invasively visualized in vivo, offering a unique window into ocular disease and systemic health. In this study we developed and validated a novel imaging platform integrating a custom-built one-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with laser Doppler holography (LDH), a high-speed imaging technique that captures Doppler-induced phase shifts, for real-time cardiac cycle-resolved assessment of retinal hemodynamics. Twenty-five healthy adults were imaged (five images per eye), with 563 cardiac cycles meeting analysis quality criteria. Internal system latency combined with synchronization offset amounted to less than 5 ms. LDH-derived beat-to-beat intervals closely tracked ECG R-R intervals, with small mean differences (~ 3 ms), demonstrating excellent temporal stability without measurable drift. ECG-retina latencies, defined as time from the ECG R-peak to LDH peak systolic velocity (R-PSV), maximal systolic upslope (R-MaxSlope), and 50% PSV amplitude (R-PSV½), were measured. R-PSV½ mean ± SD was 128 ± 18 ms and showed the highest repeatability (ICC = 0.78, median CV = 4.8%). ECG-retina latencies were moderately associated with age and heart rate, in exploratory analyses. This integrated ECG-LDH platform provides repeatable, synchronized, high-speed, cardiac-resolved retinal hemodynamic measurements and establishes a quantitative framework for studying the eye-heart relationship.</p>

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A novel electrocardiogram-synchronized laser Doppler holography system for cardiac cycle-resolved retinal hemodynamics: development and validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Keren Wood,
  • Nicholas Schnorbus,
  • Luis Muncharaz,
  • Yash Lahoti,
  • Brent A. Siesky,
  • Giovanna Guidoboni,
  • Alice Verticchio Vercellin,
  • Samuel Potash,
  • Lily A. Greenberg,
  • Michael Atlan,
  • Toco Y. P. Chui,
  • Richard Rosen,
  • Alon Harris

摘要

The retinal microvasculature is one of the few sites where the microcirculation can be directly and non-invasively visualized in vivo, offering a unique window into ocular disease and systemic health. In this study we developed and validated a novel imaging platform integrating a custom-built one-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with laser Doppler holography (LDH), a high-speed imaging technique that captures Doppler-induced phase shifts, for real-time cardiac cycle-resolved assessment of retinal hemodynamics. Twenty-five healthy adults were imaged (five images per eye), with 563 cardiac cycles meeting analysis quality criteria. Internal system latency combined with synchronization offset amounted to less than 5 ms. LDH-derived beat-to-beat intervals closely tracked ECG R-R intervals, with small mean differences (~ 3 ms), demonstrating excellent temporal stability without measurable drift. ECG-retina latencies, defined as time from the ECG R-peak to LDH peak systolic velocity (R-PSV), maximal systolic upslope (R-MaxSlope), and 50% PSV amplitude (R-PSV½), were measured. R-PSV½ mean ± SD was 128 ± 18 ms and showed the highest repeatability (ICC = 0.78, median CV = 4.8%). ECG-retina latencies were moderately associated with age and heart rate, in exploratory analyses. This integrated ECG-LDH platform provides repeatable, synchronized, high-speed, cardiac-resolved retinal hemodynamic measurements and establishes a quantitative framework for studying the eye-heart relationship.