<p>This study investigates severe deformation and instability in deep roadways within loose and fractured rock, using the 12,810 transportation roadway of the Yunjialing Coal Mine as a case study. Field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and in-situ monitoring were integrated to systematically reveal the deformation mechanisms and instability characteristics of fractured surrounding rock. Based on the Hoek-Brown criterion, a reinforced bearing arch model was established to describe the interaction between the support system and the surrounding rock. Furthermore, a novel combined support scheme was proposed and implemented, consisting of densely spaced anchor cables in the roof and sidewalls, pressure-relief grooves in the floor, and floor cable reinforcement. Numerical and field results demonstrate that the proposed support system effectively suppresses roadway convergence, controls floor heave, and maintains the overall stability of the surrounding rock. Compared with conventional schemes, the proposed method not only controls deformation more efficiently but also provides a theoretical framework and engineering reference for the stability control of deep soft rock roadways under similar complex geological conditions.</p>