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<p>Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been proposed as more sustainable substitutes for chemical fungicides; however, their potential in fungicidal and mycotoxin biosynthesis control in food-related pathogens is still under research. In this study, we synthesized and characterized ZnO-NPs with a high degree of crystallinity and antifungal and antimycotoxigenic properties against two significant toxigenic fungi, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> f10 and <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> f30, by using a combination of microwave-assisted combustion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite phase, while TEM imaging revealed rod-like ZnO nanostructures with diameters of approximately 70–90&#xa0;nm and lengths extending up to approximately 700&#xa0;nm. ZnO-NPs demonstrated high concentration-dependent fungicidal behavior; 150 ppm decreased the growth of <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>F. proliferatum</i> by 75 and 97%, respectively whereas bulk zinc sulfate had no effect. SEM revealed severe morphological damage, such as hyphal shrinkage, disturbed sporulation, and outgrowths. ZnO-NPs nearly completely inhibited aflatoxin biosynthesis (reduced AFB<sub>1</sub> and AFG<sub>2</sub> by 99-99.9) and partially, but significantly inhibited fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> synthesis (reduced by approximately 85%), as confirmed by HPLC-analysis. These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs are an effective nanobased intervention to counter the development of fungal contamination and mycotoxin build-up in maize and other food systems. ZnO-NPs offer a promising platform for improving food safety, minimizing post-harvest losses, and promoting sustainable agriculture by simultaneously addressing the proliferation of pathogens and the production of toxins.</p>

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Nano-enabled Control of A. flavus and F. proliferatum: inhibition of fungal growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis by zinc oxide nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Elhagag A. Hassan,
  • Ayat H. A. Mohamed Kilany,
  • Ahmed L. E. Mahmoud,
  • Abdulaziz Abu El-fadl

摘要

Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been proposed as more sustainable substitutes for chemical fungicides; however, their potential in fungicidal and mycotoxin biosynthesis control in food-related pathogens is still under research. In this study, we synthesized and characterized ZnO-NPs with a high degree of crystallinity and antifungal and antimycotoxigenic properties against two significant toxigenic fungi, Aspergillus flavus f10 and Fusarium proliferatum f30, by using a combination of microwave-assisted combustion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite phase, while TEM imaging revealed rod-like ZnO nanostructures with diameters of approximately 70–90 nm and lengths extending up to approximately 700 nm. ZnO-NPs demonstrated high concentration-dependent fungicidal behavior; 150 ppm decreased the growth of A. flavus and F. proliferatum by 75 and 97%, respectively whereas bulk zinc sulfate had no effect. SEM revealed severe morphological damage, such as hyphal shrinkage, disturbed sporulation, and outgrowths. ZnO-NPs nearly completely inhibited aflatoxin biosynthesis (reduced AFB1 and AFG2 by 99-99.9) and partially, but significantly inhibited fumonisin B1 synthesis (reduced by approximately 85%), as confirmed by HPLC-analysis. These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs are an effective nanobased intervention to counter the development of fungal contamination and mycotoxin build-up in maize and other food systems. ZnO-NPs offer a promising platform for improving food safety, minimizing post-harvest losses, and promoting sustainable agriculture by simultaneously addressing the proliferation of pathogens and the production of toxins.